Here, we demonstrate an FBG-array-based ultra-fast shape perception system where a novel shape restoration algorithm is proposed and a time-stretch technology is used to fast interrogate the wavelengths of FBGs. In the proposed algorithm, the curvatures on points are converted to the corresponding bending radius and direction, therefore reconstructed to curves and surfaces. On the premise of ensuring better restoration effect, our algorithm has shorter time and smaller amount of data, which is more conducive to instrumentation and practical implementation. The simulation results show that the reconstruction errors are better than 5% under typical conditions. The shape sensing system is applied to detect the shape of a wing under both static and dynamic conditions, with relative errors of 3.10% under twisted tension and 4.85% under uniform tension, which experimentally proves that the system can realize ultra-fast shape sensing with a sensing rate of more than 500 kHz.