父母早期依恋经历对学前儿童焦虑的影响:亲子关系的中介作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 朱彦蓉 |
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 陈杰 |
| 关键词 | 儿童焦虑 父母早期依恋经历 依恋代际传递 亲子关系质量 中介作用 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The influence of parent's early attachment experience on reschooler's anxiety: the mediating effect of parent-child relationship |
| 中文摘要 | Anxiety is one of the common emotional problems in children. When children encounter inner conflicts and unfamiliar environments, they may experience anxious symptoms. Children's emotional problems are associated with the quality of parent-child relationship. The distress and tension that children encounter in parent-child relationships are often precursors to children's anxiety. Insecure parent-child relationship is the most important risk factor that causes child psychopathological problems. Parent-child conflict would increase children's anxiety, while parent-child relationship is affected by parents' own attachment style. Attachment styles can be intergenerational transmitted within the family. The intergenerational transmission of attachment shows that parents' early attachment experience will affect the attachment relationship with their children. Previous studies have paid more attention to the intergenerational transmission of mother-child attachment and the influence of mother-child relationship on children's anxiety, while few studies have examined the intergenerational transmission of father-child attachment and the influence of father-child relationship on children's anxiety. Objective: The current study aims to examine whether parents' own attachment style influences children's anxiety and whether this effect is mediated by parent-child relationship. Methods: This study includes two samples. The first sample (sample I) consists of 478 children aged 2-6 and their parents recruited from bilingual kindergartens in first and second-tier cities in China, which was recruited by convenience sampling during October 2018. The second sample (sample II) consists of 577 children aged 3-6 and their parents recruited from a public kindergarten in a county-level city of Yunnan Province in January 2022 recruited by convenience sampling. In order to measure Children's anxiety, mothers were asked to answer the Social Competence and Behavioral Evaluation Scale-30 (SCBE-30). Meantime, parent-child relationship was measured by asking fathers and mothers to answer the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) respectively, and parents' early attachment experience was measured by asking fathers and mothers to answer the Experience in Closed Relationship-Relationship Scale (ECR-RS) respectively. In this study, sample I was used to verify the research hypothesis, and sample II with different socio-cultural and economic backgrounds was used to replicate the results of sample I. Result: Sample I: (1) There is a negative correlation between parents' early secure attachment and preschool children's anxiety, except for the father-grandmother attachment. (2) Preschool children's anxiety is negatively correlated with parent-child conflict and positively correlated with parent-child closeness. (3) Parents' early secure attachment is positively correlated with parent-child closeness, and negatively correlated with parent-child conflict. (4) Mother-child relationships (closeness and conflict) mediate the influence of mother's early secure attachment on preschool children's anxiety. (5) Father-child closeness plays a mediating role in the influence of fathers' early secure attachment on preschool children's anxiety, while father-child conflict does not. Sample II: (1) The correlations among parents' early secure attachment, parent-child relationship and preschool children's anxiety are also significant. (2) We have confirmed that mother-child relationship (mother-child closeness and mother-child conflict) mediates the influence of mothers' early secure attachment on preschool children's anxiety. (3) There is a significant positive correlation between father-child conflict and preschool children's anxiety, but there is no significant correlation between father-child closeness and preschool children's anxiety. (4) We found that father-child conflict mediates the influence of fathers' early secure attachment on preschool children's anxiety, while father-child closeness has no such mediating effect. Conclusion: (1) Parents' early attachment experience has a significant influence on children's anxiety. (2) There was significant association between parent-child relationship and children's anxiety. (3) Mother-child closeness and mother-child conflict mediate the influence of maternal early attachment experience on children's anxiety. (4) In the sample of first or second-tier cities, father-child closeness mediate the paternal early attachment experience on children's anxiety; while in the sample of county-level city, father-child conflict play the mediation role. |
| 英文摘要 | 焦虑是儿童常见的情绪问题之一。学龄前儿童的生理和心理都处于不断变化和发展的过程中，很容易产生焦虑情绪。儿童在亲子关系中遇到的困扰和痛苦常常是儿童焦虑的前兆。不安全的亲子依恋是学前儿童焦虑的重要影响因素。亲子依恋和亲子关系质量受到父母自身依恋的影响。依恋模式在父代子代之间是可以传递的。依恋关系的代际传递说明父母早期的依恋经历会影响其与子女的依恋关系的塑造。以往研究较多关注母子依恋的代际传递以及母子关系对儿童焦虑的影响，很少有研究考察父子依恋的代际传递以及父子关系对儿童焦虑的影响。 研究目的:本研究拟同时考察父亲和母亲早期的依恋经历是否会影响学龄前儿童的焦虑情绪，以及这一影响是否通过亲子依恋关系中介的。 研究方法:本研究包含两个样本，研究一样本是2018年10月采用方便取样从国内一、二线城市双语幼儿园招募478名2-6岁儿童及其父母;研究二样本是2022年1月份采用方便取样从云南省某县级市公立幼儿园招募577名3-6岁儿童及其父母。通过母亲作答儿童社会和行为评定量表(Social competence and behavioral Evaluation Scale-30, SCBE-30)测量儿童的焦虑行为，父亲和母亲分别作答亲子关系问卷(Child-Parent Relationship Scale，CPRS)测量亲子关系，父亲和母亲分别作答亲密关系结构问卷(Experience in Closed Relationship-Relationship Scale, ECR-RS来测量父母早期的依恋经历。本研究先用样本一对研究假设进行检验，然后用具有不同社会文化经济背景的样本二对样本一的结果进行验证。 研究结果: 在样本一中发现: (1）除了父亲和祖母的依恋外，父母早期的安全依恋和学前儿童的焦虑情绪显著负相关; （2）学前儿童焦虑和亲子冲突显著负相关，和亲子亲密显著正相关; （3）父母早期的安全依恋和亲子亲密显著正相关，和亲子冲突显著负相关； (4)母子关系(母子亲密和母子冲突)显著中介了母亲早期安全依恋对学前 儿童焦虑的影响。 (5)父子亲密对父亲早期安全依恋对学前儿童焦虑影响的中介作用显著，但 父子冲突的中介作用不显著。 在样本二中发现: （1)验证了父母早期的安全依恋和亲子关系、学前儿童焦虑的显著相关性; （2）验证了母子关系(母子亲密和母子冲突)在母亲早期安全依恋对学前儿 童焦虑影响的中介作用; (3)发现父子冲突和学前儿童焦虑显著正相关，但父子亲密和学前儿童焦虑 的相关不显著; (4)发现父子冲突对父亲早期安全依恋对学前儿童焦虑影响的中介作用显著，但父子亲密的中介作用不显著。 研究结论: (1)父母早期依恋经历会显著影响儿童的焦虑情绪。 (2)亲子关系和儿童的焦虑情绪密切相关。 (3)母子亲密和母子冲突介导了母亲早期依恋经历对儿童焦虑情绪的影响。 (4)一二线城市中父子亲密介导了父亲早期依恋对儿童焦虑情绪的影响，县级市样本中父子冲突介导了父亲早期依恋对儿童焦虑情绪的影响。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/44997]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 朱彦蓉. 父母早期依恋经历对学前儿童焦虑的影响:亲子关系的中介作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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