汉语情感词感知的年龄差异
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 李应 |
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 刘萍萍 |
| 关键词 | 汉语情感词 愉悦度 唤醒度 自我相关性 年龄差异 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Age-related Differences in Affective Norms for Chinese Words |
| 中文摘要 | Emotional words are one of the most commonly used materials in research in cognitive psychology, emotion psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and other disciplines. The standardized compilation of emotional words is helpful for the study on sentiment analysis, such as emotion, vocabulary recognition, attention, memory and so on. A large number of studies based on Life span development or age difference have found that there are significant age differences in people's emotional perception and cognitive processing, especially among children, young and middle-aged people and the elderly. On this basis, age may be the main factor affecting the rating of emotional words. However, as far as we know, there is no study on the age difference in the perception and evaluation of the meaning of Chinese emotional words from children to the elderly. Based on this, two studies were designed to investigate for the first time the differences in the ratings of Chinese emotion words among children, young and middle-aged people and the elderly, and whether these age differences are related to self-relevance. In Study 1，a total of 170 participants consisting of children (11一12 years old), young and middle-aged (19-53 years old), and the elderly (60-65 years old) were invited to rate 1,558 Chinese emotional words. The nine-point scales method was used to collect the ratings of valence, arousal, dominance, and familiarity from the three age groups. We compared this database with the existing Chinese emotional vocabulary to verify the reliability and validation of this database. The study found that there is a strong correlation between the various dimensions of emotional words. There is a U-shaped relationship between valence and arousal, that is, extremely pleasant and unpleasant words were rated higher in arousal. The relationship between valence and dominant as follows: The more pleasurable it is, the more dominant it is. Meanwhile, we found that age affect emotional words of different valences. For valence, children tended to rate positive words as more positive and negative words as more negative. For arousal, elderly tended to rate negative words as calmer, positive words were more exciting. For the dominance of words, the elder's valence ratings were the lowest in the three age groups. This indicated that the elderly perceived little control over various words. Prior studies indicate that self-relevance may influence the ratings. However there is a big difference in individual rating for self-relevance of words, and there is a lack of evidence. Given the differences in word perception among different age groups identified in this study, a worthwhile question is whether the valence ratings of words affect subsequent self-relevance ratings? To explore the above questions, In Study 2, a total of 70 young, middle-aged and elderly people were invited to participate in the self-relevance rating of emotional words. The results found that valence and self-relevance were highly positively correlated. People rated positive words to be more relevant to themselves. The dominance of words was also positively correlated with self-relevance. People tend to think that words with dominance are highly correlated with self, and they have a great sense of control. On the dimension of arousal, there were different results for the young and the elderly，self-relevance was significantly negatively correlated in young age groups, the higher the arousal ratings, the less it has to do with oneself. For the elderly, those words which were rated to be high self-relevance will have a higher-level rating of physiological arousal. The results can be explained by Life span Theory and Socioemotional Selectivity Theory. As people grow older, they perceive that time is limited in the future, and information related to the self is more included in emotional processing, while information not related to the self is excluded. To sum up, we found significant differences in the valence, arousal, dominance, familiarity, self-relevance ratings of word in different age groups through our database, these age differences were significantly associated with self-relevance. The quantitative standard of emotional words based on age differences provided in this study will provide standardized experimental materials and research references for the research fields of cognitive neuroscience, gerontology and social psychology of Chinese emotion words, and the emotional words with labeled information obtained in this study will also provide valuable corpus resources for emotion analysis in natural language processing. |
| 英文摘要 | 情感词是情感研究中最常用的材料之一，是认知心理学、情绪心理学、认知神经科学以及其他学科中最广泛使用的刺激材料。情感词的标准化编制有助于深入了解情绪、词汇识别、注意、记忆等相关领域。大量基于毕生发展或年龄差异的研究发现，人们的情绪感知、认知加工等存在显著的年龄差异，尤其是儿童、中年人和老年人之间的差异。在此基础上，年龄可能是影响情感词评分的主要因素，但是目前据我们所知，尚无研究考察从儿童到老年这些群体对汉语情感词语意义的感知和评价究竟存在怎样的年龄差异。基于此，本论文设计两个研究，首次考察儿童、中青年和老年人群体对汉语情感词评分的差异，并且这些年龄差异是否同自我相关性存在关联。 研究一选取170位儿童(11-12岁)、中青年(19-53岁)、老年人(60-65岁)被试，为1558个汉语情感词评分。本研究采用九点评分量表，历时四个月收集了三个年龄段群体对愉悦度、唤醒度、优势度和熟悉度的评分，其中每个词汇的每个维度至少由40位儿童、42位中青年和38位老年人进行评定。本数据库与现存汉语情感词汇库比较，验证了本次数据评分的信效度和可靠性。研究发现，情感词的各个维度之间存在较强相关性。愉悦度和唤醒度之间存在U型关 系，即极其愉快和不愉快词语唤醒度会更高。词语的愉悦度和优势度呈现以下关系:词汇内容给人的感受越愉悦，人们对这些词汇内容的支配感越强。同时本研究还发现，年龄对不同效价的情感词评分会产生重要影响。对于词语的愉悦度，儿童倾向于将积极的词语评分更高，消极的词语评分更低;对于词语的唤醒度，老年人倾向于将消极的词语评价为更加的平静，对于积极的词语唤醒度更高;对于词语的优势度而言，老年人对各类效价词语的评分在三个年龄段上都是最低的，这说明老年人对各类词语的控制感都非常低。 以往研究表明，刺激材料与自我相关的程度可能会影响被试对于材料的评价但是，词语内容同自我相关性可能会存在显著的个体差异，该观点尚缺乏研究证据。鉴于本研究一发现的不同年龄群体对词语感知的差异，一个有价值的问题是，词语的效价评分是否会影响后续自我相关性评分?为探讨以上问题，研究二选择中青年和老年被试共计70人，参与情感词的自我相关性评分。结果发现，效价和自我相关性高度正相关，相比于中性词和消极词，积极词被认为与自我更相关，而消极词通常被评为与自我关系更远。优势度与自我相关性正相关，人们倾向于认为支配感强的词语和自我高度相关。在唤醒度这一维度上，中青年和老年群体出现了不同的结果，中青年认为唤醒程度越强，情绪起伏越大，则越和自己无关。而老年人则认为与自己有关系的，生理唤醒水平(唤醒度)会偏高一些。这一结果可以用毕生发展的控制理论和社会选择理论解释。随着年龄的增长，人们认为未来的时间有限，与自我有关的信息被更多地纳入到情绪处理中，而与自我无关的信息被排除在外。 综上，本论文首次创建了基于儿童、中青年和老年三个年龄群体对情感词感知的数据汇库(共1558个情感词)，揭示了情感词各维度评分的年龄差异，这些年龄差异同自我相关存在显著关联。本研究提供的基于年龄差异的情感词库的量化标准，将为开展汉语情绪词的认知神经科学、老年学和社会心理学等诸多研究领域提供标准化实验材料及研究参考，而且实验所得到的有标注信息的情感词库也将为自然语言处理中情感分析提供宝贵的语料库资源。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45005]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李应. 汉语情感词感知的年龄差异[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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