熟悉度对居民与垃圾分类志愿者合作意愿的影响及机制
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张萱 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 刘萍萍 |
| 关键词 | 合作 熟悉度 年龄差异 声誉关注 社会距离 垃圾分类 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Effect of Familiarity on Cooperation Between Residents and Volunteers in Waste Separation |
| 中文摘要 | Despite the growing urgency of waste separation as an environmental concern, the rates of contamination from unsorted waste remain high without the monitoring from volunteers. However, residents do not always cooperate with volunteers. How can we facilitate collaboration between residents and volunteers? To address the dilemma of waste separation, the present study conducted three experiments and one qualitative interview based on the theories of competitive altruism and social influence to investigate the effects of familiarity and age on residents' cooperation, as well as the mediating roles of reputational concern and social distance. Using scenarios, participants were asked to read the instructions (each representing one of the conditions), and then to predict the extent of probability that they would cooperate in each condition. Study 1 adopted a 3 (volunteer age group: primary children/younger/older) X 3 (volunteer familiarity: high/low/unfamiliar) within-subjects design to examine the differences in the cooperation of young people (M=20.16士1.01 years) with volunteers in different conditions. The results showed that: 1) participants cooperated more with the high familiar volunteers than with the low familiar or strange volunteers. The higher the familiarity, the greater the cooperative intention. 2) As age and familiarity interact to affect the cooperative intention, participants cooperated more with older volunteers in the low familiar or strange conditions. To improve the ecological validity, Study 2 adopted a 2 (participant age group: younger/older; between-subjects variable) X 3 (volunteer age group: primary children/younger/older; within-subjects variable) X 3 (volunteer familiarity: high/low/unfamiliar; within-subjects variable) mixed design, and added two situations of "immediate" and "next time", to examine the age-related differences of the cooperation between younger people (M一40.63士7.60 years) and older people (M一68.90士4.97 years) with volunteers in different conditions. The results showed that: 1) In the“immediate" and "next time" situations, participants cooperated more with the high familiar volunteers than with the low familiar or strange volunteers. Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1 .2) In the "next time" situation, age and familiarity interact to affect the cooperative intention, participants cooperated more with older volunteers in the low familiar condition. 3) Older adults cooperated more with older volunteers while less with strangers than younger adults. 4) The probability of doing waste separation in the "next time" situation was significantly higher than that of the "immediate" situation, which indicated that residents develop the habit of waste separation gradually. To examine the ecological validity of the results of Study 1 and Study 2, and to examine whether the influence of familiarity is objective in the practice of waste separation, we conducted qualitative research in the period from 2020 to 2021，and interviewed six experienced staff who participated in the practice of waste separation, one from the Shanghai Neighborhood Committee, and the other five from four environmental protection public welfare organizations. The results showed that: 1) The monitoring from volunteers was indispensable for residents to develop waste separation habit. The older volunteers, familiar with residents, with good communication skills and more influential power, would have significant effects on waste separation behaviors. 2) With the monitoring from volunteers, it probably took about three months for residents to form the habit of waste separation. The results of the qualitative research and the two experiment studies were mutually verified. Study 3 replicated the results of Study 1 and Study 2 in participants (M=26.05士11.01 years), and examined the mediating role of reputational concern and social distance in familiarity and cooperation. Study 3 adopted a 2 (volunteer age group: younger/older) X 2 (volunteer familiarity: high/unfamiliar) within-subjects design. The results showed that: 1) Familiarity significantly promoted cooperation, which replicated the results of Study 1 and Study 2. 2) Age and familiarity interacted in the "next time" situation. 3) Social distance and reputational concern play a serial mediating role in the effect of familiarity on cooperation. The present research demonstrates the effects of familiarity and age on residents' cooperation, as well as the mediating roles of reputational concern and social distance. The results indicate that helping residents to become familiar with volunteers in advance, or recruiting people who are familiar with residents as volunteers, will be helpful for waste separation. These strategies can promote the cooperative intention of residents, and help them form the habit of waste separation. Social distance and reputational concern play a serial mediating role in the effect of familiarity on cooperation. These findings provide suggestions and scientific support for the practice of waste separation and saving management costs. |
| 英文摘要 | 垃圾急剧增长严重污染环境，亚需垃圾分类和减量，没有桶前志愿者监管，垃圾混放污染率仍居高不下。然而，居民不配合志愿者的情况时有发生，如何促进居民与志愿者合作?为了解决垃圾分类困境，基于声誉关注和社会距离理论，本研究实施了3个情境实验和1个质性访谈调研，考察对志愿者的熟悉度和志愿者年龄如何影响居民的合作性，以及声誉关注和社会距离的潜在中介作用。 研究一通过情境问卷，引导被试想象面临假定的情境(每一道情境题都包含一种条件)，然后请被试推测情境中主人公配合垃圾分类的可能性。采用3(志愿者熟悉度:高/低/陌生)X 3(志愿者年龄组:小学生/年轻人/老年人)双因素被试内设计，考察青年人(M= 20.16士1.01岁)面对不同类型志愿者时的合作性差异。结果表明:1)同低熟悉或陌生的志愿者相比，高熟悉的志愿者更能促进人们合作意向、愿意做垃圾分类。且只要增加熟悉度，就会促进人们的合作;2)在低熟悉或陌生的条件下，人们对老年志愿者的合作性更高。 为了提高生态效度，研究二选择年龄区间更厂的中青年人(M= 40.63士7.60岁)和老年人(M= 68.90士4.97岁)，并增加此时立刻分类和下次分类两种情况，重复验证对志愿者的熟悉度和志愿者年龄对人们合作性的影响，同时探究该影响对于不同年龄组的被试是否存在差异。采用2(被试年龄组:中青年组/老年组;被试间)X 3(志愿者熟悉度:高/低/陌生;被试内)X 3(志愿者年龄组:小学生/年轻人/老年人;被试内)混合设计。结果表明:1)在此时立刻和下次分类情境下，同低熟悉或陌生的志愿者相比，高熟悉的志愿者更能促进人们合作意向、愿意做垃圾分类;2)在下次分类情境下，年龄仅与熟悉度产生交互作用，在低熟悉度条件下，人们对老年志愿者的合作性更高;3)老年被试对老年志愿者的合作性显著高于中青年被试，但对陌生志愿者的合作性显著低于中青年被试;4)在此时立刻与下次分类情境下，人们的合作性有显著差异，人们下次再去扔垃圾时主动做好分类的可能性显著高于当下立刻分类的可能性，人们养成垃圾分类的习惯是循序渐进的。 为了检验研究一和研究二结果的生态效度，探究熟悉度的影响是否客观存在，以及在垃圾分类推行实践中的经验，我们分别在20202021年间开展质性研究，多次接触访谈过六位参与垃圾分类实践、经验丰富的工作人员，一位来自上海居委会，其他五位分别来自四个环保公益组织。结果发现:1)居民垃圾分类习惯的养成，需要桶前志愿者监管;同社区居民熟悉、沟通能力较好且有影响力的老年人志愿者，监管效果好，更能促进居民分类，保证高分类参与率;2)在桶前志愿者的监管下，居民垃圾分类习惯的养成大约需要三个月。质性研究结果和两个实验研究结果相互验证。 研究三进一步考察熟悉度促进合作的潜在机制，再次检验人们阿一26.05士11.01岁)对不同类型桶前志愿者的合作性差异，重点揭示心理机制，验证声誉关注和社会距离的中介作用。采用2(志愿者熟悉度:高/陌生)X 2(志愿者年龄组:年轻人/老年人)被试内设计。结果表明:1)熟悉度显著促进合作性;2)年龄与熟悉度仅在下次分类情境下产生交互作用;3)社会距离和声誉关注在熟悉度与合作性之间起到链式中介作用。 本研究系统探讨了对桶前志愿者的熟悉度、志愿者年龄与居民合作性之间的因果关系及其内在作用机制。结果表明，招募社区居民较熟悉的人做志愿者，或提前增加居民对志愿者的熟悉度，可促进居民配合及其分类习惯养成，社会距离和声誉关注可作为熟悉度促进合作的心理机制，起到链式中介作用，初步构建了资源分类合作中的理论框架。这些重要发现为政策制定者和管理者提供实证支持，为推行垃圾分类及降低成本提供了参考价值和科学支撑。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45176]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张萱. 熟悉度对居民与垃圾分类志愿者合作意愿的影响及机制[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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