5-6岁幼儿复述能力的比较及其与言语工作记忆的关系
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王嵩 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-12 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 李甦 |
| 关键词 | 幼儿 复述 言语工作记忆 宏观结构 微观结构 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Comparisons of 5 to 6 years old Children’s Retelling Skill and Its Relation with Verbal Working Memory |
| 中文摘要 | Narrative is an important aspect in studying children's language and cognitive development. Previous research on narrative has mostly analyzed children's narrative ability in both macrostructure and microstructure by using of picture-elicited narrative task. Retelling is one of the important means to study children's narrative, however, there are few studies to explore the characteristics of Chinese children's retelling skills.The present study explored the developmental characteristics of retelling skills in Chinese children aged 5-6 years using the speech/recording-presented retelling task without picture support, and investigated the relationship between retelling and verbal working memory. Sixty children were randomly selected, and divided into a 5-year-old group (n = 30, 15 boys) and a 6-year-old group (n = 30, 15 boys). Children were asked to retell the story after listening to the story. Their verbal working memory skills were measured as well.The results showed that for the narrative macrostructure development, the macrostructure in 5- to 6-year-old children's retelling demonstrated significant age differences, in which the total scores of the macrostructure of 6-year-old children was better than that of 5-year-old children. The characters, actions and consequence elements of the macrostructure were developed significantly in the 6-year-old group. A significantly main effect of gender was found, in which girls performed significantly better than boys. In particular, girls’ score was much higher than boys in the initiating event and internal response elements.From the perspective of word/sentence production on microstructure, there was a significantly main effect of age on the number of T-units, complex sentences and clauses. 6-year-old children retold more T-units, complex sentences, and more clauses in each complex sentence. A significantly main effect of gender was found on the total number of T-units, clauses and the ratio of complex sentences to T-units. Girls retold more complex sentences than boys. Morever, there was a significantly main age effect on the total number of words and length of complex sentences. 6-year-olds retold more words in the narratives and complex sentences than 5-year-olds. Meanwhile, the gender effect was also significant. Girls had a significant advantage over boys in the total number of words and number of words in complex sentences.Considering the perspective of conjunctions use on microstructure, no significant difference was found on the ratio of produced conjunctions between 6-year-olds and 5-year-olds, but the total number of conjunctions increased with age. There was a significant gender difference on the ratio of produced correct conjunctions. Girls produced more correct conjunctions than boys. The ratio of using adversative conjunctions by girls was significantly more than boy using. The ratio of the similar word replacement of adversative conjunctions in 6-year-old girls' retelling was significantly higher than that in 6-year-old boys. Girls were more flexible than boys on using adversative conjunctions.Children's verbal working memory related to many indexes on macrostructure and microstructure. The results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that children’s verbal working memory explained 13% variance in the ratio of total score on macrostructure, and significantly predicted the number of T-units and explained 16% variance. Verbal working memory is an important cognitive factor related to children's retelling skill development. |
| 英文摘要 | 叙事是研究儿童语言及认知发展的重要手段。以往叙事研究多采用看图讲述任务，从宏观与微观结构两个方面来分析儿童的叙事能力。复述是考察儿童叙事的重要手段之一，但国内鲜有研究涉及复述条件下儿童叙事的特点。本研究针对5-6岁汉语儿童，采用语音呈现的、无图片辅助的复述任务探查其复述能力的发展特点，并研究复述能力与言语工作记忆的关系。研究随机选取60名幼儿，5岁组和6岁组各半，每组幼儿男女各半。幼儿在听完故事录音之后进行复述的任务。随后实验者对幼儿进行言语工作记忆的测查。研究结果发现，5-6岁幼儿复述的宏观结构表现出显著的年龄差异，6岁幼儿复述的宏观结构总分显著好于5岁幼儿。其中，6岁幼儿宏观结构中的角色、行动和结果要素的得分显著高于5岁幼儿。宏观结构得分的性别主效应显著，女孩显著好于男孩。女孩在起始事件和内部反应要素上的得分远高于男孩。从微观结构词句产生角度看，在句子水平上，T单位数量、复句数量以及分句数量的年龄主效应显著，6岁幼儿在复述中说出了更多的T单位和复句，并且每个复句中的分句数量也更多。T单位数量、分句数量以及复句占T单位比率的性别主效应显著，女孩好于男孩。女孩复述的句子比男孩更加复杂。在词汇水平上，叙事总词汇数和复句长度的年龄主效应显著，6岁幼儿比5岁幼儿说出了更多的词汇，并且复句中的词汇数也更多。同时，这两个指标的性别主效应显著，女孩在词汇总数量和复句中词汇数量上的优势显著好于男孩。从微观结构的连词使用看，6岁幼儿和5岁幼儿之间的连词产生率几乎没有变化，但连词使用总数随年龄的增长而增加。正确产生连词的比率和使用转折连词的比率有显著的性别差异，女孩连词使用的正确率和使用转折连词的比率显著高于男孩。同时，6岁女孩复述时使用转折连词进行同类词替换的比率显著高于6岁男孩，说明女孩使用转折连词比男孩更加灵活。幼儿言语工作记忆与其复述的宏观和微观结构中的多项指标相关。分层回归显示，言语工作记忆解释了宏观结构总分比中13%的变异，能显著预测T单位数量，并能解释其16%的变异。言语工作记忆是与幼儿复述能力发展密切相关的重要认知因素。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45239]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王嵩. 5-6岁幼儿复述能力的比较及其与言语工作记忆的关系[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2021. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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