青少年不健康体重控制行为的影响因素及其后果——以丹东市中学生为例
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 高亚威 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-12 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 王葵 |
| 关键词 | 青少年 不健康体重控制行为 发展轨迹 后果 社会文化态度 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Factors and Consequences of Unhealthy Weight Control Behaviors in Adolescents——a Case Study among Middle School Students in Dandong |
| 中文摘要 | Unhealthy weight control behaviors are common among adolescents in China and many industrialized countries. Since different studies have different operational definitions of unhealthy weight control behaviors and most of them are cross-sectional studies, the profile and progress of unhealthy weight control behaviors, risk factors and consequences among adolescents in China are still unclear. One aim of the current study was to investigate the developmental trajactory, sex differences, and risk factors of unhealthy weight control behaviors among middle and high school students in Dandong city with the unhealthy weight control behavior scale developed by our group. The other aim of this study was to investigate the prediction ability of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance on later unhealthy weight control behaviors of adolescents, as well as the consequences of unhealthy weight control behaviors in Dandong city through a longitudinal study.In Study 1, 1182 students from Grade 7 to 12 in Dandong city were enrolled. Categories and frequencies of potential unhealthy weight control behavior, perceived weight status, sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and level of intuitive eating were measured. Unhealthy weight control behaviors were common among participants, and the proportion of girls adopted unhealthy weight control behaviors was significantly larger than that of boys (Z=-3.073, p<0.05). From Grade 7 to 12, the total score of unhealthy weight control behaviors and the number of categories of unhealthy weight control behaviors adopted by boys did not change significantly, while both measures increased in girls with the grade raised, except for the two graduation grades (Grades 9 and 12). “Skipping the meal” and “eating less” were two unhealthy weight control behaviors most frequently adopted by both male and female students in both middle and high school students. As compared to middle school students, high school students were more likely to “drink coffee” and “use substitute food” to control weight. Risk factors for unhealthy weight control behavior in boys were slightly different from those in girls. Perceived weight, intuitive eating, negative emotion, objectification and sociocultural attitudes toward appearance contributed to the severity of unhealthy weight control behavior in boys. All of these variables, except for perceived weight were significant in girls. For both boys and girls, severity of unhealthy weight control behaviors was most strongly influenced by sociocultural attitudes toward appearance. When controlling related variables, peer pressure had a significant influence on boys’ severity of unhealthy weight control behaviors, while family pressure and peer pressure (in a trend; p=0.092) showed such influence in girls. In Study 2, 350 students participated in Study 1 were followed up for six months to examine the prediction effects of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance on the unhealthy weight control behaviors. In both male and female students, the level of sociocultural attitudes at the baseline could significantly predict the severity of unhealthy weight control behaviors during retest. Sex difference was observed when considering the influence of the five domains of sociocultural factors, namely muscle internalization, thin internalization, media pressure, family pressure and peer pressure, on later development of unhealthy weight control behaviors. For boys, the media pressure at the baseline could predict the level of unhealthy weight control behaviors during retest; while thin internalization and family pressure could predict the level of unhealthy weight control behaviors during retest in girls. In order to examine the change of sociocultural attitude toward appearance to the unhealthy weight control behaviors, level of sociocultural factors at the baseline was controlled. It turned out that the media pressure during retest could also significantly predict the level of unhealthy weight control behavior in boys; while thin internalization during retest had a significant impact on girls' level of unhealthy weight control behaviors. Furthermore, the difference score of unhealthy weight control behavior between the two test sessions could positively predict the level of negative emotions during the retest in boys and girls. In addition, the change of unhealthy weight control behaviors could also significantly predict the BMI of boys during retest, namely every 1-point increase of unhealthy weight control behavior was associated with an increase of 0.21kg/m2 in BMI.In conclusion, this study revealed that unhealthy weight control behaviors are common among adolescents in Dandong, and the situation is more severe in girls than in boys. Moreover, the level and number of categories of unhealthy weight control behaviors among girls show an increase trend with grades, while no such change was observed in boys. For boys, peer pressure was closely associated with concurrent level of unhealthy weight control behavior, but media pressure and its change could predict the level of unhealthy weight control behaviors six month later. For girls, family and peer pressure could predict concurrent level of unhealthy weight control behaviors, while family pressure and change of thinness internalization during two tests could predict unhealthy weight control behaviors six month later. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and intervention of unhealthy weight control behaviors among Chinese adolescents. |
| 英文摘要 | 不健康体重控制行为在国内和许多工业化国家的青少年中普遍存在。既往研究中对不健康体重控制行为的操作性定义有所不同，且已有研究大多是横断面研究，因而不健康体重控制行为在国内中学生中的发展情况尚不明确。此外，已有研究也缺乏对其影响因素及后果的考察。因此，本研究的一个目的是利用课题组编制的不健康体重控制行为量表，考查丹东市不同年级学生中不健康体重控制行为的发展情况、性别差异及其影响因素。本研究的另一个目的是通过纵向研究，考察对外表的社会文化态度及其五个子维度对丹东市青少年不健康体重控制行为的影响情况。研究一采用问卷法，入组了丹东市初一到高三1182名学生，测查了他们的不健康体重控制行为、感知体重、对外表的社会文化态度和直觉进食等指标。首先，丹东市中学生中不健康体重控制行为普遍存在，且在女生中的比例要显著大于男生（Z=-3.073，p<0.05）。从初一到高三，男生中不健康体重控制行为的总分和采取的不健康体重控制行为种类数变化不大，而女生中除了毕业年级（初三和高三）外，两个指标均呈现随年级升高而增多的趋势。男女生采用最多的两种不健康体重控制行为均为“减少吃饭顿数”和“少吃主食”，初、高中生均如此。但和初中生相比，高中生更多选择“喝咖啡”和“食物替代”。其次，影响男女中学生采用不健康体重控制行为的因素略有差异。当同时考虑多个因素时，在男中学生中，感知体重、直觉进食、负性情绪、客体化和对外表的社会文化态度对不健康体重控制行为影响显著；在这些指标中感知体重状态对女中学生的不健康体重控制行为无显著影响，其他均显著。无论是对男生还是对女生而言，不健康体重控制行为受到对外表的社会文化态度的影响最强。在控制其他变量的前提下，在男生中同伴压力影响显著，而在女生中家庭压力影响显著，同伴压力的影响边缘显著（p=0.092）。 研究二对研究一中350名被试进行为期六个月的追踪，以考察社会文化态度对不健康体重控制行为的影响。无论是男生还是女生中，初测时的社会文化态度水平依然能够显著预测再测时的不健康体重控制行为。考察初测时社会文化态度的五个子维度对再测时不健康体重控制行为的预测作用时，则存在一定的性别差异：在男生中，初测时的媒体压力对再测时不健康体重控制行为影响显著；而在女生中，初测时瘦内化和家庭压力对再测时不健康体重控制行为影响显著。在控制初测时的社会文化态度水平后，再测时的媒体压力也能够显著预测男生中的不健康体重控制行为；而女生中再测时瘦内化对女生不健康体重控制行为影响显著。同时，本研究还发现两次测量间不健康体重控制行为的改变能够正向预测再测时男女生负性情绪。此外，不健康体重控制行为的改变量还能够显著预测男生再测时的BMI——不健康体重控制行为变化每增加1分，则BMI增加0.21kg/m2。综上所述，本研究发现（1）在丹东市青少年中，不健康体重控制行为普遍存在，在女生中的比例要高于男生，且非升学年级女生不健康体重控制行为的得分和种类随年级升高而增多。（2）对外表的社会文化态度是影响不健康体重控制行为的重要因素。在社会文化态度的五个子维度中，在控制相关变量的前提下，男生的不健康体重控制行为主要受到媒体压力的影响，女生则是受到家庭压力和瘦内化影响更大。本研究的结果为我国青少年不健康体重控制行为的预防和干预提供了理论依据。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45245]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 高亚威. 青少年不健康体重控制行为的影响因素及其后果——以丹东市中学生为例[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2021. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。