主要看护人教养方式及亲子沟通频率对留守初中生抑郁的影响
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 李佩 |
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 李新影 |
| 关键词 | 留守初中生 主要看护人 教养方式 亲子沟通频率 抑郁症状 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Influence of The Main Caregiver's Parenting Style and The Frequency of Parent-child Communication On The Depression of Left-behind Junior High School Students |
| 中文摘要 | Left-behind junior high school students are in adolescence called emotional storm period, and at the same time they have to face long-term parent-child separation,both increases the probality of depressive symptoms. In left-behind families, the main members include parents who go out to work, main caregivers who take care of their children at home, and children. According to the family system theory, their behaviors and emotions affect each other, and this influence is crucial to the development of adolescents. Among them, the parenting style of caregivers and the frequency of parent-child communication are the two key factors that affect the formation of depression in adolescents. Therefore, this study firstly compared the differences of parenting styles and depressive symptoms between left-behind and non-left-behind children, then further explored the effect of the parenting style on the depression of left-behind childern, and the moderating of parent-child communication between them. Study 1:The self-rating Parenting Style Scale and the Children's Depression conditions of non-left-behind, single-parent, and both-parent-out junior children. t test and variance analysis were used to analyze the differences of depressive symptoms and the parenting style among different types of left-behind children. The results showed that: (1) The detection rate of depressive symptoms among left-behind children(36.86%) was significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children(27.91%).Among them, the depression detection rate of both-parent-out left-behind children was the highest (39.66%), which was significantly higher than single-parent left-behind and non-left-behind ones.(2) The positive parenting style perceived by left-behind children were significantly lower than those of non-left-behind students, and the score of both-parent going out students was significantly lower than that of single parent going out. (3) The negative parenting style perceived by single-parent and both-parent going out perceived were significantly higher than non-left-behind ones. Study 2: On the basis of the first study. First, the Pearson correlation was used to calculate the correlation between depressive symptoms, primary caregiver parenting style and parent-child communication. Then, multiple linear regression was used to test the moderating effect of parent-child communication on parenting style and depressive symptoms. Finally, a simple slope test to compare the differences in depression of adolescents with different parent-child communication frequencies under different parenting styles. The results showed that: (1) Single parent left-behind and both parent left -behind children, parenting style and parent-child communication were significantly correlated with the depression of adolescents. (2)Primary caregiver's positive parenting style and parent-child communication frequency significantly positively predicted depression in both LBC without accompanying parents and those with single parent accompanying them,primary caregiver's negative parenting style significantly and negatively predicted depression in LBC without accompanying parents and those with single parent accompanying them (3)Moderating effect of parent-adolescent communication frequency was significant between primary caregiver's parenting style and children' depression of LBC. Through the above two studies: (1) Compared with non-left-behind students, LBC are in a more unfavorable situation. They perceive more negative parenting styles and less positive parenting styles, and more prominent depressive symptoms. (2) The main caregiver's positive parenting style and parent-child communication can effectively reduce the depression risk of LBC, while the negative parenting style will increase their depression risk. (3) Parent-child communication between LBC and their parents can be an effective moderating factor for the influence of main caregiver's parenting style to their depression. The higher frequency of the parent-child communication, the smaller the negative impact of negative parenting styles on the depression of LBC, and the greater the positive impact of positive parenting styles. This study emphasizes the necessity to pay attention to the mental health problems of LBC, and provides recommendations for intervention and prevention. To alleviate the depression of LBC, positive family parenting style and more parent-child communication are very necessary. |
| 英文摘要 | 留守初中生处在情绪问题高发的青春期，同时需要面对长期的亲子分离，这些可能极大地增加了他们出现抑郁症状的几率。在留守家庭中，成员主要包括外出打工的家长，在家照看孩子的主要看护人以及初中生。依据家庭系统理论，他们彼此之间的行为、情绪相互影响，对青少年发展至关重要。其中，看护人教养方式、亲子沟通频率是影响青少年抑郁形成十分关键的两个因素。因此，本研究首先对比了留守和非留守初中生在教养方式、抑郁症状上的差异，然后进一步地探究了主要看护人的教养方式对留守初中生抑郁的影响，以及亲子沟通在其中的调节作用。 研究一:采用自评教养问卷以及儿童抑郁量表对非留守、单亲外出、双亲外出初中生的主要看护人教养方式以及抑郁状况进行考察。通过t检验以及方差分析比较了不同留守类型初中生的抑郁症状以及主要看护人教养方式的差异。 结果发现:O)留守初中生抑郁症状检出率(36.86%)显著高于非留守初中生(27 91%}，其中双亲外出留守初中生抑郁检出率最高(39.66%)，显著高于单亲外出和非留守。(2)单、双亲外出留守初中生感知到的积极教养方式均显著低于非留守，且双亲外出显著低于单亲外出。(3)单、双亲外出初中生感知到的消极教养方式均显著高于非留守。 研究二:在研究一的基础上进一步了解主要看护人教养方式与留守初中生抑郁的关系以及亲子沟通频率在两者之间的调节作用。首先通过Pearson相关计算抑郁症状、主要看护人教养方式及亲子沟通之间的相关。然后使用多元线性回归检验亲子沟通在教养方式与抑郁症状间的调节作用。最后使用简单斜率检验来比较不同亲子沟通频率的青少年在不同教养方式下的抑郁症状差异。 结果发现:(1)在双亲外出、单亲外出留守初中生家庭中，教养方式、亲子沟通频率与初中生抑郁症状都显著相关。(2)亲子沟通频率、主要看护人积极教养方式均负向预测留守初中生抑郁;主要看护人消极教养方式正向预测留守初中生抑郁。(3)亲子沟通频率在主要看护人教养方式与单、双亲外出留守初中生抑郁之间均起到调节作用，外出打工父母与留守初中生的亲子沟通频率越高，主要看护人教养方式对留守初中生的抑郁影响越小，反之则越大。 通过以上两个研究，我们可以得出以下结论:(1)比起非留守，留守初中生处境更为不利。他们感知到了更多的消极教养方式以及更少的积极教养方式，抑郁症状更为突出。(2)主要看护人的积极教养方式与亲子沟通频率可以有效减少留守初中生的抑郁风险，而消极教养方式会增加其抑郁风险。(3)留守初中生与外出父母间的亲子沟通频率可以成为主要看护人教养方式影响其抑郁症状的一个有效的调节因素。亲子沟通频率越高，消极教养方式对留守初中生抑郁症状的负面影响越小，积极教养方式的正面影响越大。本研究强调了关注留守初中生心理健康问题的必要性，同时为干预和预防提出了建议。对于缓解留守初中生抑郁症状，积极的家庭教养和更频繁的亲子沟通是十分有必要的。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45038]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李佩. 主要看护人教养方式及亲子沟通频率对留守初中生抑郁的影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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