儿童气质对同胞关系的影响:亲子关系的中介作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 徐静琰 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 张雨青 |
| 关键词 | 同胞关系 儿童气质 亲子关系 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Influence of Children's Temperament on Sibling Relationship: The Mediating Role of Parent-child Relationship |
| 中文摘要 | With the gradual relaxation of China's fertility policy, more and more families are choosing to have multiple children, and sibling relationships have become a growing concern for researchers. In the process of raising multiple children, how to establish good sibling relationships, mediate and handle sibling disputes, and better play the positive role of sibling relationships in children's development has become a practical issue that families with multiple children are concerned about and facing. It urgently needs theoretical support and practical guidance. In the family system, parent-child and sibling relationships interact and influence each other, and interactions between siblings can also have an impact on each other's growth and development. Children's temperament determines the interaction mode between children, parents, and siblings, and as an individual factor, it simultaneously affects sibling and parent-child relationships. Therefore, this study conducts the following research based on family system theory and social learning theory. Objective: To explore the current situation, structure, and characteristics of sibling relationships, parent-child relationships, and child temperament among preschool children in China, as well as the impact of parent-child relationships and child temperament on sibling relationships. Methods: A total of 606 children aged 3 to 7 years old (i.e. over 3 years old but under 8 years old) from 303 groups of families with two children were selected as the research subjects. The "Quality of Early Siblings in Children" questionnaire developed by Li Yan and her team, which is suitable for 0一8 years old, the "Child Parent Relationship Scale" developed by Pianta, and the "3-7 Year Old Children's Temperament Questionnaire" designed by the NYLS group were used to collect the sibling relationships of each group of families The data of parent-child relationship and children's temperament were analyzed by SPSS, including descriptive analysis, difference analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediating effect effect analysis. Results: (1) The overall state of sibling relationships among preschool children in China is good, and the three dimensions of sibling warmth, sibling conflict, and sibling jealousy are mutually independent. (2) In the preschool stage, when the first child is a girl, the warmth between siblings is the best, and when the age difference between siblings is 3 years, the overall state of sibling relationships is the best. (3) In the preschool stage, when siblings have different genders, there will be more parent-child conflicts in parent-child relationships. (4) Negative emotions are the core factor in the five factor structure of children's temperament in China, and the level of shyness is the most stable. Negative emotions, concentration, self-control, and adaptability significantly develop and improve with age, and their overall structure is stable. (5) Parent-child conflict plays a partial mediating role in the impact of negative emotions on sibfing conflict and jealousy in children. (6) Parent-child intimacy plays a complete mediating role in the impact of shyness level on sibling conflict in first child children, while parent-child conflict plays a partial mediating role in its impact on sibling jealousy; The shyness level of second child children affects sibling warmththrough the complete mediating effect of parent-child intimacy. (7) Parent-child intimacy has a partial mediating effect on the influence of children's attention and self-control on the warmth of their siblings. Conclusion: The overall state of sibling and parent-child relationships among preschool children in China is good, and their temperament characteristics have their own unique structures and characteristics. The mediating role of parent-child relationship is significant in the influence of various dimensions of children's temperament on sibling relationships. Focusing on children's temperament characteristics and building good parent-child relationships has a positive promoting effect on the establishment of good sibling relationships in second child families. |
| 英文摘要 | 随着我国生育政策的逐年放开，越来越多的家庭选择生育多个子女，同胞关系也成为研究者们日益关注的课题。在多子女养育过程中、如何建立良好的同胞关系，调解和处理同胞纷争，更好的发挥同胞关系对儿童发展的积极作用也已成为多子女家庭关注和面临的现实问题，急待理论的支持和实践的指导。在家庭系统中亲子关系和同胞关系互相作用和影响，同胞间的互动也会对彼此的成长和发展带来影响。儿童气质决定儿童与父母和同胞间的互动模式，作为个体因素同时影响同胞关系和亲子关系。因此本研究依据家庭系统理论和社会学习理论展开以下研究。 目的:探索我国学龄前儿童同胞关系、亲子关系、儿童气质的现状、结构和特点，以及亲子关系、儿童气质对同胞关系的影响。 方法:以303组二胎家庭中年龄均在3到7岁(即年满3岁，但不足8岁)的606名儿童为研究对象，采用李燕及其团队编写的适用于0-8岁《儿童早期同胞关系质量问卷》, Pianta编写的《亲子关系量表》(Child-parent Relationship Scale ) ,NYLS小组设计的父母评定的《3-7岁儿童气质问卷》，集中收集每组家庭的同胞关系、亲子关系及儿童气质数据，使用SPSS对其进行描述性分析、差异性分析、探索性因素分析、相关分析、回归分析、中介效应分析。 结果:(1)我国学龄前儿童同胞关系整体状态良好且同胞温暖、同胞冲突和同胞嫉妒三个维度相互独立。(2)在学龄前阶段，当头胎为女孩时，同胞间温暖程度最好，当同胞年龄差为3岁时，同胞关系整体状态最好。(3)在学龄前阶段当同胞性别不同时，在亲子相处中会带来更多的亲子冲突。(4)我国儿童气质在其五因素的结构中负面情绪为核心因素，羞怯水平最为稳定。负面情绪、注意力集中、自控力和适应性随着年龄的增长有显著的发展和改善，其整体结构相对稳定。(5)亲子冲突性在儿童负面情绪对同胞冲突和同胞嫉妒的影响中有部分中介作用。(6)亲子亲密性在头胎儿童羞怯水平对同胞冲突的影响中有完全中介作用，亲子冲突性则在其对同胞嫉妒的影响中有部分中介作用;二胎儿童的羞怯水平通过亲子亲密性的完全中介作用影响同胞温暖。(7)亲子亲密性在儿童注意力集中和自控力对同胞温暖的影响上有部分中介作用。 结论:我国学龄前儿童的同胞关系、亲子关系整体状态良好，儿童气质特点有其特有的结构和特征。在儿童气质各维度对同胞关系给维度的影响中亲子关系的中介作用显著，关注儿童的气质特点，构建良好的亲子关系，对于二胎家庭良好同胞关系的建立具有积极的促进作用。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45147]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 徐静琰. 儿童气质对同胞关系的影响:亲子关系的中介作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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