精神分裂症和分裂型特质个体的模仿抑制及其与共情的关系研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 阮盾 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 王毅 |
| 关键词 | 动作模仿抑制 表情模仿抑制 共情 精神分裂症 快感缺失 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理 |
| 其他题名 | The Relationships between Imitation Inhibition and Empathv in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Schizotypy |
| 中文摘要 | People tend to imitate others' actions and behaviors automatically in social interaction, while they also need to control this tendency for automatic imitation, namely imitation inhibition. The process of imitation inhibition requires an individual to distinguish their own actions from mental representations of others', and avoid excessive influence of others' action on their own. Imitation inhibition is not limited to actions, but also happens in emotion processing. Empathy refers to understanding and sharing emotion experiences of other people. Similar to imitation inhibition, proper empathy requires an individual to distinguish one's own emotions from others. Existing evidence from behaviour, brain imaging and intervention studies suggests that processes of imitation inhibition and empathy are closely related. Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder and deficits of empathy have been found in patients with schizophrenia, showing difficulties in understanding and/or sharing others' emotions, which seriously affects their social function and interpersonal relationship. Individuals with high level negative schizotypy is considered to be at-risk population for schizophrenia, who show similar but milder empathy deficits as patients. However, the psychological mechanism of empathy deficits in schizophrenia patients and at-risk individuals are still unclear. Systematic investigations from the perspective of imitation inhibition will be helpful to a better understanding of empathy deficits in schizophrenia. Three studies were conducted to systematically investigate the relationships between imitation inhibition and empathy in schizophrenia patients, individuals with high level of negative schizotypy and healthy controls separately. In Study 1 the relationships between motor imitation inhibition and empathy were examined in healthy participants through two experiments. Sixty-eight participants were recruited for Experiment 1，motor imitation-inhibition task was adopted to measure the congruency effect, facilitation effect and inhibition effect, while the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) was used to capture empathy. The typical motor imitation-inhibition effect was observed in the group level, and congruency effect was significantly and positively correlated with scores of affective empathy dimension on the QCAE. In Experiment 2, 47 participants were recruited to complete scanning for brain structural images, motor imitation-inhibition task and the QCAE were also measured. The CAT12 software was used for preprocessing of brain structural images and regression analysis. Results showed that gray matter volumes of the anterior cingulate gyros, cingulate gyros, superior frontal gyros and medial frontal gyros were significantly and negatively correlated with imitation-inhibition effect; meanwhile, further analysis showed that affective empathy of the QCAE was negatively correlated with the extracted gray matter volume of the significant cluster in anterior cingulate gyros. In Study 2, motor imitation-inhibition effect and its relationships with empathy were investigated in schizophrenia and negative schizotypy respectively through two experiments. Thirty-five patients with schizophrenia and 35 healthy controls were recruited to participate in Experiment 1，and complete motor imitation-inhibition task as well as the QCAE. Compared to healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed relatively intact imitation-inhibition, with no significant correlations were found with scores on empathy. In Experiment 2, 60 individuals with high level negative schizotypy and 60 healthy controls were recruited to complete motor imitation-inhibition tasks with and without facial expressions and the QCAE. Compared to control group, negative schizotypy group showed reduced motor imitation-inhibition effect. Correlation analysis showed that in control group, motor imitation-inhibition effect was positively correlated with affective empathy regardless of the presence of facial expressions, while in negative schizotypy group, motor imitation-inhibition effect was negatively correlated with affective empathy only when neutral facial expressions present. Study 3 explores the inhibition effect of facial mimicry and its relationship with empathy in negative schizotypy. Twenty-five participants with high level of negative schizotypy and 25 controls were recruited to finish a facial expression imitation-inhibition task. The response intensity of zygomatic major muscle and corrugator supercilii was recorded during the task and inhibition effect of facial mimicry was calculated. The Empathy Accuracy Task (EAT) and the QCAE were used to measure empathy. Results showed a larger inhibition effect of facial mimicry in negative schizotypy group compared to control group; in addition, and the facial imitation-inhibition effect was positively correlated with affective empathy and negatively associated with empathic accuracy in individuals with negative schizotypy. In conclusion, this thesis systematically explores imitation inhibition and its relationships with cognitive and affective components of empathy in schizophrenia patients and its risk populations. The results suggested a relative intact imitation inhibition in schizophrenia patients but an abnormal imitation inhibition in at-risk individuals with high level negative schizotypy, evidenced a robust positive correlation between imitation-inhibition effect and affective empathy, and revealed an important role of the anterior cingulate gyros as common neural basis of both imitation inhibition and empathy. These main findings may provide novel perspectives for a better understanding of empathy deficits and the improvement of clinical treatment for social cognition deficits in schizophrenia. |
| 英文摘要 | 社会交往过程中，人们有模仿他人动作和行为的倾向，同时也需要对这种自动模仿倾向进行控制，即模仿抑制。模仿抑制过程需要个体较好地区分自己要执行的动作和对他人动作的表征，处理两者之间的冲突，避免他人对自己动作的过度影响，这一过程不只局限于动作领域，还体现在情绪信息加工领域。共情是理解和感受他人情绪体验的心理过程。与模仿抑制相似，共情过程也需要区分情绪体验来源于自己还是他人。已有行为、脑成像和干预研究均提示模仿抑制与共情密切相关。 精神分裂症是一种重性精神疾病，患者通常表现出共情缺损，难以理解或感受他人的情绪，严重影响患者的社会功能和人际关系。阴性分裂型特质群体被视为精神分裂症的风险人群，表现出与患者相似但较为轻微的共情异常。然而，目前精神分裂症及其风险人群共情缺损的心理机制尚不清楚，从模仿抑制的角度进行系统探讨将有助于理解精神分裂症的共情缺损。本论文通过三项研究，在精神分裂症患者、阴性分裂型特质群体以及健康被试中系统考察模仿抑制与共情不同成分的关系，在健康群体中探讨模仿抑制相关的脑结构与共情的关系，并且在阴性分裂型特质群体中同时考察表情模仿抑制和动作模仿抑制与共情的关系。 研究一在健康被试中探讨动作模仿抑制与共情的关系，包括两个实验:实验一招募68名被试，采用手指运动模仿抑制任务测量模仿抑制效应(包括一致性效应，促进效应和抑制效应)，采用认知和情感共情问卷( QCAE)评估共情。结果发现健康被试表现出典型的模仿抑制效应，并且一致性效应与QCAE情感共情维度得分呈显著正相关。实验二招募47名被试完成脑结构像磁共振扫描，以及手指运动模仿抑制任务和QCAE量表。采用CAT 12软件进行脑结构像预处理和分析，结果发现前扣带回、扣带回、额上回与额内侧回的灰质体积与模仿抑制效应成显著负相关，并且前扣带回的灰质体积与QCAE情感共情维度呈显著负相关。 研究二分别在精神分裂症患者和阴性分裂症特质高分组被试中探讨动作模仿抑制效应及其与共情的关系，包括两个实验:实验一招募精神分裂症和健康对照组被试各35名，完成手指运动模仿抑制任务和QCAE量表。组间比较发现精神分裂症患者具有相对完好的模仿抑制任务表现，未发现模仿抑制效应与共情量表得分的显著相关。实验二招募60名阴性分裂型特质高分组和60名对照组被试，完成手指运动模仿抑制任务，带有表情图片的手指运动模仿抑制任务和QCAE量表。组间比较发现阴性分裂型特质高分组的动作模仿抑制效应显著小于对照组。相关分析发现在对照组中无论是否出现表情图片，模仿抑制效应均与情感共情成正相关，而阴性分裂型特质高分组中只有在出现中性表情时模仿抑制效应与情感共情成负相关。 研究三探讨阴性分裂型特质高分组的表情模仿抑制及其与共情的关系。招募阴性分裂型特质高分组和健康对照组被试各25名，记录被试在完成表情模仿抑制任务时面部颧肌和皱眉肌的反应强度并计算被试的表情模仿抑制效应，共情准确性任务和QCAE量表被用来测量共情。结果发现阴性分裂型特质高分组的表情模仿抑制效应显著大于对照组，并且他们的表情模仿抑制效应与情感共情成正相关，与共情准确性成负相关。 综上，本论文系统探讨了精神分裂症及其风险人群的模仿抑制及其与认知和情感共情的关系。结果提示精神分裂症患者的模仿抑制效应可能相对完整，但分裂型特质群体的模仿抑制效应存在异常;证实了模仿抑制效应与情感共情之间的正相关;并且发现前扣带回可能是二者共同的脑结构基础。本论文的主要发现为理解精神分裂症及其风险人群的共情缺损提供了新视角，对精神分裂症社会认知缺损的临床治疗具有重要意义。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45218]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 阮盾. 精神分裂症和分裂型特质个体的模仿抑制及其与共情的关系研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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