门诊记忆减退老年人群认知状况调查及相关因素分析
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 杨存美 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-12 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 李娟 |
| 关键词 | 老年人 记忆减退 轻度认知障碍 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Investigation on cognitive status and related factors of elderly population with memory decline in outpatient department |
| 中文摘要 | Memory decline is very common in the elderly and is a high-risk group of mild cognitive impairment (MCI),however, at present, there is a general lack of routine screening for cognitive status of the elderly population with memory decline.There are few "cognitive impairment" outpatients in domestic hospitals, and there is a lack of research on the MCI status and cognitive status of elderly memory decline patients in the cognitive outpatients of Third class hospitals in China. Although there are many studies on the influencing factors of MCI, there are few studies on elderly population with memory decline, and the research results have not been unified. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the elderly, this paper investigates the current status of MCI in elderly outpatients with memory decline, and analyzes the influencing factors from the perspectives of demographic data, physiological factors, disease history, lifestyle and nutrition, so as to explore the prevalence, cognitive status, risk factors and protective factors of MCI in such elderly population, to provide reference basis for early effective prevention and intervention measures.This study is a cross-sectional study, using the questionnaire survey method, 706 elderly patients with memory decline were collected in the Geriatric Cognitive joint management clinic of Beijing PLA General Hospital from June 2020 to June 2021, the patients were assessed with MoCA(Montreal Cognitive Assessment)scale, according to the diagnostic criteria of 2018 Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dementia and cognitive impairment , the subjects were divided into non MCI group (316 cases) and MCI group (390 cases).After analysis, it was found that the incidence of non MCI and MCI were 44.8% (316 / 706) and 55.2% (390 / 706) respectively, there were significant differences in all areas of MOCA screening cognition between the two groups of elderly (P < 0.01),among them, the decline of delayed recall function language function, visual space and executive function decreased significantly. The demographic data, physiological factors, disease history, lifestyle and nutritional status of the two groups were collected by self-designed questionnaire, after univariate and binomial logistic stepwise regression analysis, it was found that age growth and sleep disorder were the risk factors of MCI; good reading habits, housework habits and social communication habits are the protective factors of MCI.The findings of this study show that the prevalence of MCI in elderly patients with memory decline is high, and all areas of cognition are lower than those in non-MCI patients, the decline of delayed recall function, language function, visual space and executive function is more obvious. The cognitive management clinic should carry out early screening of MCI in elderly memory decline patients, give early identification and cognitive function training. At the same time, the prevalence of MCI in elderly population with memory decline is affected by many factors, the cognitive management clinic should comprehensively evaluate these elderly population to help them establish a healthy lifestyle, so as to improve their cognition. |
| 英文摘要 | 记忆减退在老年人中极为多见，是轻度认知障碍（MCI）的高危人群。但目前普遍缺乏对记忆减退老年人群认知状况的常规筛查，国内医院“认知功能障碍”门诊偏少，缺乏对国内三甲医院认知门诊记忆减退老年人群MCI现状及认知状态的研究。尽管目前关于MCI影响因素的研究较多，但针对记忆减退老年人群的研究较少，研究结果尚未统一。本文基于老年综合评估，对门诊记忆减退老年人群进行MCI现状调查并从人口学资料、生理因素、疾病史、生活方式、营养等角度进行影响因素分析，探寻此类老年人群MCI 患病率、认知现状及影响此类人群发生MCI的危险因素及保护因素，为早期提供有效的预防干预措施提供参考依据。本研究为横断面研究，采用问卷调查法，于2020年6月-2021年6月在北京市解放军总医院老年衰弱认知联合管理门诊收集记忆减退老年人信息706例，应用MoCA（蒙特利尔认知评估）量表对此类人群进行认知评估，根据《2018中国痴呆与认知障碍诊治指南的诊断标准》将研究对象分为非MCI组（316例）、MCI组（390例），经分析后发现非MCI、MCI的发生率分别为44.8%（316/706）、55.2%（390/706），两组研究对象 MoCA 筛查认知各维度相比均具有统计学差异（ P＜0.01），其中以延迟回忆、语言功能、视空间与执行功能领域下降较为明显。采用自设问卷收集两组人群人口学资料、生理因素、疾病史、生活方式及营养状况，经单因素及二项 Logistic 逐步回归分析后发现，年龄增长、睡眠障碍是MCI的危险因素；良好的阅读习惯、做家务习惯、社会交往习惯是MCI的保护因素。本研究的发现说明，记忆减退老年人群MCI患病率较高， MCI组老年人群认知各维度与非MCI组老年人群相比均有下降，以延迟回忆功能、语言功能、视空间与执行功能下降较为明显，认知管理门诊应对记忆减退老年人群进行MCI早期筛查，给予早期识别并进行认知功能训练。同时，记忆减退老年人群MCI患病情况受多个因素影响，认知管理门诊应对此类人群进行全面评估，对年龄越大的患者越应给予关注，协助其建立健康的生活方式，保持良好的睡眠质量，从而改善认知情况。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45238]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杨存美. 门诊记忆减退老年人群认知状况调查及相关因素分析[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2021. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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