孤独症谱系障碍儿童动作模仿障碍眼动特征及运动干预效果
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 高媛媛 |
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 魏高峡 |
| 关键词 | 孤独症 模仿 动作观察 眼动 有氧运动 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Eye movement Characteristics and Effects of Exercise Intervention of Action Imitation Deficits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| 中文摘要 | Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is defined by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. ASD has a prevalence of up to 1% to 2% worldwide. Action imitation deficits is one of the core impairments in children with ASD, which directly affects the development of language function and the level of social communication in them. The identification and the effective intervention of action imitation deficits will contribute to the overall improvement of multifaceted capacity in children with ASD. However, at present, there is still a lack of objective evaluation tools for action imitation deficits, that can reduces the sensitivity of recognition of ASD. In addition, most of the existing intervention methods for action imitation deficits are limited to the improvement of the symptoms, and the more etiology-targeted intervention programs still need to be explored. In order to clarify the objective evaluation metrics that can be used for auxiliary identification of action imitation deficits, this study intended to explore the objective identification characteristics of action imitation deficits in children with ASD, and analyze their association with the imitation score as well as the severity of ASD symptoms. Moreover, according to the pathogenesis of action imitation deficits, the current study explored the effect of intervention technology combining action imitation training with aerobic exercise on action imitation deficits in children with ASD. The sensitivity of the objective evaluation metrics of the intervention effect was further tested through the intervention study. In the first study, fifty-two ASD children and thirty matched typical development children （TD）were enrolled in this study. The level of children's action imitation was evaluated using the meaningless-gesture imitation paradigm. When the children watched the action pictures to be imitated, their eye movements were recorded by eye tracker interfaced with the computer followed by scoring the performance of imitations task. Differences in eye movement metrics and action imitation performance were compared between the two groups. The Children Autism Rating Scale （CARS）was administered to all ASD children. For the ASD group, the correlation analysis of eye movement metrics, action imitation scores and the CARS was conducted. Finally, the ridge regression model was used to explore the predictive effect of eye movement metrics on action imitation. Results of the first study found that, time to first fixation, time of action observation, and proportion of region of interest (ROI) were significantly correlated with action imitation scores in children with ASD and varied significantly between children with ASD and TD. Children with ASD had a longer time to first fixation than children with TD. Time to first fixation is a good eye movement metrics for evaluating abnormal imitation tendency in children with ASD. ASD children took significantly longer time of action observation in the imitation task than the TD children. The proportion of ROI in the ASD children was significantly less than that of the TD group. Time of action observation and the proportion of ROI contributed to the action imitation scores of children with ASD, which were sensitive metrics reflecting the overall action imitation level of children with ASD. The second study used a randomized controlled trial in which “between-subject factor” was “group” and “within-subject factor” is “time”. Thirty-three ASD children were assigned to either experimental group (n = 18) or control group (n = 15). The experimental group was required to take an additional 12-week mini-basketball training program (five sessions per week, and forty minutes per session), while the control group was instructed to maintain their daily trainings. The level of action imitation and the eye movement metrics were assessed twice with a meaningless-gesture task before and after the experiment. Differences in the trend of imitation level and of the eye movement metrics over time between the two groups were analyzed using generalized estimation equations. The results of study 2 showed that, there were different trends in the imitation level of the two groups of the intervention experiments over time. Imitation scores and the time to first fixation improved significantly in the training group, while no significant difference was observed before and after that in the control group. The current study concluded that, time to first fixation, time of action observation, and the proportion of ROI are good objective identification metrics of imitation deficits in children with ASD. Eye movement measurement is expected to be an objective and effective means to assist in the identification of action imitation deficits in children with ASD. In addition, the mini-basketball training program improved the action imitation performance and imitation tendency of children with ASD. The research findings provide new implications for identifying and ameliorating action imitation deficits in children with ASD. |
| 英文摘要 | 孤独症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorder ，ASD）是以持久性社会交往和沟通障碍、重复刻板行为为核心症状的一种广泛性神经发育障碍。在全球范围内，约有高达1%~2%的患病率。动作模仿障碍是ASD儿童社会交往障碍的核心缺陷之一，ASD儿童的动作模仿水平直接影响其语言功能发展和社会性交往水平。因此，动作模仿障碍的早期识别和有效干预对ASD儿童社会交往障碍的改善具有至关重要的意义。然而，目前关于动作模仿障碍的识别，临床心理学领域还缺乏较为客观的测评工具，降低了识别敏感性。另外，现有动作模仿障碍的干预手段大多停留在症状改善层面，具有病因针对性的干预方案亟待探索。鉴于此，本研究目的：1）探寻ASD儿童动作模仿障碍的客观识别特征，探索其与动作模仿障碍的关联及与ASD症状严重程度的关系，以期明确可用于辅助识别动作模仿障碍的客观评价指标；2）着眼动作模仿障碍的发生机制，初探运动干预技术对ASD儿童动作模仿障碍的干预效果，以及对动作模仿障碍典型特征的影响。 研究一采用横断面研究设计，选取学龄ASD儿童52人和年龄匹配的正常发育（typical development，TD）儿童30人，采用无意义手势模仿范式评估儿童的动作模仿水平，采用眼动追踪技术记录儿童动作模仿的眼动数据。比较两组儿童眼动指标及动作模仿得分的差异。采用《儿童孤独症评定量表》（CARS）评估ASD儿童的症状严重程度。对ASD儿童的眼动指标、动作模仿得分、CARS评分进行相关及回归分析。研究结果显示，任务觉察时间、动作观察时间和兴趣区（ROI）比例3个眼动指标与ASD儿童的动作模仿得分显著相关，且在ASD儿童与TD儿童之间存在显著差异。ASD儿童的任务觉察时间显著长于TD儿童，是衡量ASD儿童模仿倾向异常程度的一个良好指标；ASD儿童动作观察时间显著长于TD儿童，ROI比例显著小于TD儿童，该两项指标与ASD儿童的动作模仿得分具有显著关联，是反映ASD儿童整体动作模仿水平的灵敏指标。 研究二采用2（组别：实验组、对照组）×2（测量时间点：前测、后测）混合实验设计。选取ASD儿童33人，随机分为实验组18人和对照组15人。实验组接受12周、每周5次、每次40分钟的小篮球运动干预模仿训练；对照组保持原有常规康复训练。采用无意义手势模仿范式以及眼动追踪技术，于训练前、后分别对两组儿童的动作模仿水平及相关眼动指标进行两次评估。采用广义估计方程比较两组ASD儿童动作模仿得分、眼动指标随时间变化趋势的差异。研究结果显示，实验组和对照组ASD儿童动作模仿得分及任务觉察时间随时间的变化存在不同的发展趋势。实验组经过12周小篮球训练后的动作模仿得分显著提高，表明儿童的整体动作模仿水平有所改善；实验组经过12周小篮球训练后的任务觉察时间较训练前有减少趋势，提示儿童的模仿倾向呈现出改善趋势。而对照组该两项指标的前、后两次测量结果均没有显著改善。 研究结论：任务觉察时间、动作观察时间、ROI比例是ASD儿童动作模仿障碍的良好客观识别指标，眼动测量有望成为辅助识别ASD儿童动作模仿障碍及评价模仿障碍干预效果的客观有效手段。另外，小篮球运动干预模仿训练改善了ASD儿童的动作模仿表现及模仿倾向。研究结果为识别和改善ASD儿童动作模仿障碍提供了新的启示。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45256]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 高媛媛. 孤独症谱系障碍儿童动作模仿障碍眼动特征及运动干预效果[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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