青少年时期的面孔印象:发展趋势及自我构念和普遍信任的预测作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 孟祥冉 |
| 答辩日期 | 2022-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 罗宇 |
| 关键词 | 面孔评价 面孔认知 自我构念 普遍信任 社会认知发展 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Teenagers' First Impressions from Faces: Development Trends and the Predict of Self-construal and Generalized Trust |
| 中文摘要 | People can not only identify other's identity, gender, age, race and emotional state through their faces, but also speculate on a variety of characteristics according to other people's faces. With the social development of teenagers, their roles will change, so their social cognitive ability also needs to be adjusted accordingly. Their first impression will play a guiding role in the process of communicating with strangers. Previous studies have shown that children can judge the competence, trustworthiness and dominance of others through their faces from the age of 3. They continue to develop in childhood, and the degree of consistency with adult judgment increases with age. In the past, the research on face impression was mainly aimed at children under the age of 13, and did not pay attention to the changes in teenagers. This study mainly discusses the development trend of teenagers' face impression. In the past studies, there are individual differences in the evaluation of the first impression from strangers' faces in every age group. In order to understand the reasons of first impression individual differences, a large number of studies have focused on the impact of facial features on first impression. However, recent studies have shown that the contribution of the observer's own characteristics (such as trust tendency) to impression formation is not less than or even greater than the facial features of the target population. Therefore, this study focuses on the predictive effect of self-construal and generalized trust on face impression from the perspective of observer characteristics. This thesis includes three studies. Study 1 investigated the development trend of face impression in teenagers. There were 3331 teenagers aged from 10 to 17 (not less than 229 in each age group) as the experimental group subjects and 239 college students as the control group subjects participated the experiment. All subjects evaluated the face photos. The evaluation dimensions included warm, competence and attractive. The results showed that the positivity of teenagers' impression of strangers' faces was significantly different from that of adults. With the increase of age, the positivity of teenagers' face impression shows a downward trend, but the range is small. There are individual differences in face impression of each age group, and the individual differences of teenagers are greater than those of adults. Study 2 explored the predictive effect of teenagers' self-construal and generalized trust on face impression. It included two experiments in study 2. There were 501 students from junior middle school participated in Experiment 1.They evaluated face photos and completed the scales for measuring self-construal, generalized trust and self-esteem. There were 713 students from high school participated in Experiment 2. There were several differences about methods between Experiment 2 and Experiment 1 .Two different scales were used to measure self-construal, and more confounding factors were controlled, including shyness, social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation. In addition, social ability is added in the dimension of face impression evaluation. The results of study 2 show that both teenagers' interdependent self-construal and generalized trust can positively predict face impression, while independent self-construal can't predict the positivity of face impression. After excluding and age, the above results are the influence of confounding variables such as gender still valid. In Study 3, we tested the moderating effects of self construal and generalized trust on the age effect of facial impression. To compare teenagers with adults, there were 195 adults completed the task of face impression evaluation, and the measurement of self construal, generalized trust and self-esteem. The research tools were the same as experiment 1 in Study 2. The results showed that adult interdependent self construal and generalized trust also had a positive predictive effect on the positivity of facial impression. Comparing teenagers of all ages with adults, it was found that the higher the level of generalized trust, the smaller the difference between 13一year-old and 14-year-old teenagers' evaluation of strangers' faces and adults. Compared with adults, teenagers of other ages have no moderating effect of generalized trust or interdependent self construal on the difference of facial impression. Therefore, we conclude that there are significant differences between teenagers and adults in the positivity of face impression. With the increase of age, the positivity of teenagers in evaluating strangers' faces tends to decline, but the decline range is small. There are individual differences in the impression of others' faces at all age group, and the individual differences of teenagers are greater than those of adults. In addition, we further found that people's interdependent self-construal and generalized trust partly explain the individual differences of face impression. If people generally think that others are important to them or tend to trust most people, they will find the faces of strangers warmer, more competent and attractive. |
| 英文摘要 | 人们通过面孔不仅可以识别对方的身份、性别、年龄、种族和情绪状态，而且还可以根据他人的面孔做出多种特质的推测。青少年社会性发展的同时，角色会发生变化，因此社会认知能力也需要做出相应调整。他们在与陌生人交往的过程中，第一印象会起到指导作用。先前有研究表明儿童从3岁开始就能够通过面孔，判断他人的能力、可信度、社会地位，童年期不断发展，并且与成人判断的一致程度随年龄的增长而提高。过去关于面孔印象的研究基本是针对13岁以下的儿童，没有关注青少年时期的变化。本研究主要探讨青少年面孔印象的发展趋势。 过去研究发现人们对面孔的认知是存在个体差异的。为揭示个体差异形成的影响因素，大量研究关注了面孔特征(如五官形状)对第一印象的影响。然而近期的研究发现，观察者自身的特征(如信任倾向)对印象形成的影响不小于甚至大于目标人群面部特征对印象形成的影响。本研究从观察者特征的角度探讨了青少年的自我构念和普遍信任对面孔印象的预测作用。 本论文包括三个研究。研究一考察了青少年面孔印象的发展趋势。3331名10岁至17岁青少年作为实验组研究对象(每个年龄段人数不少于229人)，239名成年大学生作为对照组研究对象，所有被试对面孔照片进行评价，评价维度包括热情、能力和吸引力。结果显示，青少年对陌生人面孔印象的积极性与成人相比有显著差异。随着年龄的增长，青少年面孔印象的积极性呈下降的趋势，但幅度较小。每个年龄段的面孔印象都存在个体差异，并且青少年的个体差异比成年人的更大。 研究二探讨了青少年自我构念和普遍信任对面孔印象积极性的预测作用，分两个实验进行，实验一的被试是501名从初中招募的学生，参与者对面孔照片进行评价，并完成自我构念、普遍信任和自尊的测量。实验二的被试是713名从高中招募的学生，方法与实验一有几点不同，首先，在面孔印象的评价维度中，增加了社交能力。其次，使用了两种不同的量表测量自我构念。另外，控制了更多的混淆因素，包括害羞、社交焦虑和对负面评价的恐惧。结果显示，青少年阶段的互依我和普遍信任都能正向预测面孔印象的积极性，但独立我不能预测面孔印象的积极性。在排除了性别、年龄等混淆变量的影响之后，上述结果依然成立。 研究三检验了自我构念、普遍信任对面孔印象的年龄效应的调节作用。为了将青少年和成人进行比较，首先招募成人被试195名，完成了面孔印象评价任务，自我构念、普遍信任和自尊的测量，研究工具与研究二的实验一相同。结果显示成人的互依我和普遍信任对面孔印象的积极性也有正向预测作用。再将各年龄段青少年的互依我和普遍信任对面孔印象的积极性的预测作用分别与成人的进行比较，结果发现普遍信任水平越高的情况下，13岁和14岁青少年对陌生人的面孔评价与成人比较的差异越小。其他年龄段青少年与成人比较，互依我、普遍信任对面孔印象的年龄效应没有调节作用。 因此，我们得出结论，青少年面孔印象的积极性与成人存在差异，随着年龄的增长，青少年对陌生面孔评价的积极性有下降的趋势，但幅度较小。各年龄段对他人的面孔印象都存在个体差异，并且青少年的个体差异比成年人的更大。人们的互依我和普遍信任水平部分解释了面孔印象的个体差异。如果人们一般情况下认为他人对自我很重要或者倾向于信任大多数人，那么他们就会觉得陌生人的面孔看上去更热情，更有能力，也更有吸引力。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45032]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 孟祥冉. 青少年时期的面孔印象:发展趋势及自我构念和普遍信任的预测作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2022. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。