如何辟谣更有效:辟谣方式的效果及其心理机制
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 陈柳莹 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 周洁 |
| 关键词 | 谣言可信度 谣言分享意愿 直接辟谣 正反辟谣 信息加工深度 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | How to Refute Rumors Effectively: The Effects of Types of Rumor Rehnttal and Their Psychological Mechanisms |
| 中文摘要 | With the increasing popularity of the Internet, online rumors are increasingly affecting people's lives. In particular, young people are more receptive to onfine information and are more frequently exposed to online information, and are more fikely to be guided and influenced by online information as their outlook on fife and values may not be fully formed. Therefore, how to effectively dispel rumors is not only an important issue in social governance, but also a hot topic of concern in the field of youth education, which has a very urgent practical significance. However, there is a lack of research on how rumors and disinformation affect attitude change and their psychological mechanisms. In this study, we attempt to investigate the cognitive and emotional mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of rumor-mongering from the perspective of optimising the effectiveness of rumor-mongering messages. A one-way online experimental design was used to explore the effect of the presentation of rumor dispelling information (direct vs. negative) on the credibility of rumors and the willingness to share them, as well as the role of emotion and depth of information processing in this process. To make the study more ecologically valid, we designed four rumors with different information structures and conducted two studies in two different rumor contexts (policy-based rumors and breaking news rumors). Study 1 examined the impact of rumors related to government policies and corresponding disinformation on rumor credibility and willingness to share, using an online questionnaire to collect 517 valid samples. The results showed that: (1) direct rumor dispelling significantly reduced subjects' trustworthiness and willingness to share compared to no rumor dispelling, and positive and negative rumor dispelling also reduced subjects' trustworthiness and willingness to share, but the difference was not significant; (2) direct rumor dispelling affected subjects' trustworthiness and willingness to share by changing the depth of positive and negative emotional feelings and information processing triggered by the rumor. Study 2 focused on rumors related to emergency events and the corresponding disinformation, and 657 valid samples were collected using the same onfine questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) compared to no rumor, both direct and positive/negative rumors significantly reduced the subjects' trustworthiness of the rumors, while direct rumors were significantly more effective than positive/negative rumors; (2) compared to no rumor, direct rumors significantly reduced the subjects' willingness to share the rumors, while there was no significant difference between positive and negative rumors and no rumors; (3) direct rumors changed the positive and negative emotional feelings and the depth of information processing triggered by the rumors, (3) direct disinformation influenced subjects' trustworthiness and willingness to share by changing positive and negative emotional feelings and the depth of information processing triggered by the rumor; (4) positive and negative disinformation influenced subjects' trustworthiness by changing positive and negative emotional feelings and the depth of information processing triggered by the rumor. The two studies together show that rumor dispelling methods can significantly influence people's perceptions of rumors and their willingness to spread them. Direct disinformation was significantly more effective than both positive and negative disinformation, while positive and negative disinformation significantly reduced the credibility of rumors compared to no disinformation, only in the case of rumors about unexpected events. Further, disinformation methods influence rumor credibility and willingness to share by changing the emotional feelings and depth of information processing triggered by the rumor, with emotional feelings and depth of information processing mediating the chain between disinformation methods and rumor credibility, and disinformation methods and willingness to share. The results of this study have good practical value for the management of online rumors, which can be used to implement more targeted disinformation interventions for both poficy and emergency rumors, as well as for the online management of special groups, such as the development of effective disinformation strategies for young online users. |
| 英文摘要 | 随着互联网日益普及，网络谣言越来越多地影响着人们的生活。特别是其中的青少年群体，他们更容易接受网络信息，在网络信息中的暴露频率也更高，而且因其人生观价值观可能尚未完全形成，更可能受到网络信息的引导和影响。因此，如何能够有效辟谣已不仅是社会治理工作中的重要议题，也是青少年教育领域所关注的热点话题，具有非常迫切的现实意义。 但是对于谣言和辟谣如何影响态度改变，以及其心理机制有关的研究还十分缺乏。本研究试图从优化辟谣信息的角度来探讨:针对不同类型的谣言信息，采取何种辟谣方式效果更好，以及辟谣起效的认知与情绪机制。采用单因素被试间在线实验设计，探讨辟谣信息的呈现方式(直接辟谣VS正反辟谣)对谣言可信度和分享意愿的影响，以及情绪和信息加工深度在这一过程中的作用。为了使研究更具生态效度，我们设计了四种不同信息结构的谣言，分别在两种不同的谣言情境(政策类谣言和突发事件类谣言)下开展了两个研究。 研究一考察了与政府政策有关的谣言及相应辟谣信息对谣言可信度和分享意愿的影响，采用在线问卷的方式收集517份有效样本。结果显示:(1)与无辟谣相比，直接辟谣显著降低了被试对谣言的可信度和分享意愿，正反辟谣对被试的谣言可信度和分享意向也有所降低但差异不显著;(2)直接辟谣通过改变谣言引发的正、负面情绪感受和信息加工深度，影响被试对谣言的可信度和分享意愿。 研究二聚焦突发事件相关的谣言和相应的辟谣信息，采用同样的在线问卷方式收集到657份有效样本。结果显示:(1)与无辟谣相比，直接辟谣和正反辟谣都显著降低了被试对谣言的可信度，而直接辟谣的效果又显著好于正反辟谣;(2)与无辟谣相比，直接辟谣显著降低了被试对谣言的分享意愿，而正反辟谣和无辟谣相比谣言分享意愿没有显著差异;(3)直接辟谣通过改变谣言引发的正、负面情绪感受和信息加工深度，影响被试对谣言的可信度和分享意愿;(4)正反辟谣通过改变谣言引发的正、负面情绪感受和信息加工深度，影响被试对谣言的可信度。 综合两项研究说明，辟谣方式能够显著影响人们对谣言的看法及传播意愿。直接辟谣的效果显著好于正反辟谣和无辟谣;而正反辟谣与无辟谣相比，只在面对突发事件类谣言时能显著降低谣言的可信度。进一步看，辟谣方式是通过改变谣言引发的情绪感受和信息加工深度影响谣言可信度和分享意愿的，情绪感受和信息加工深度在辟谣方式和谣言可信度、辟谣方式和谣言分享意愿间均呈链式中介作用。该研究结果对于网络谣言的治理具有较好的现实价值，可以对政策和突发事件两种谣言实施更有针对性的辟谣干预，也可以服务于特殊群体的网络管理，比如制定面向青少年网络用户的有效辟谣策略。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45136]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈柳莹. 如何辟谣更有效:辟谣方式的效果及其心理机制[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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