抑郁人群对情绪面孔的注意偏向特征:一项眼动研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张萌 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 黄峥 |
| 关键词 | 抑郁 注意偏向 眼动追踪 影响因素 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Attentional bias to emotional faces in debressed individuals- an eve tracking study |
| 中文摘要 | Depression is characterized by persistent low mood, cognitive impairment, physical symptoms, sleep disturbances, suicidal ideation, and impairment in physical, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning. The depression cognitive theory suggests that attentional bias towards emotional information is both a symptom of depression and plays an important role in the onset, maintenance, and relapse of depression. Research on these differences in attentional bias characteristics will be of great value for the early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of depression. Previous studies have suggested that depressed individuals have attentional bias towards negative emotional stimuli and lack attention towards positive emotional stimuli. This study further explores the characteristics and influencing factors of attentional bias in depressed individuals from three aspects: attentional bias towards single facial regions, attentional bias towards competitive facial expressions, and the impact of emotional priming on attentional bias. Objectives: 1 .To explore the attentional bias characteristics of depressed individuals towards different emotional facial regions in the process of scanning single faces, and analyze the effects of emotion type, time course on attentional bias. 2. To explore the attentional bias characteristics of depressed individuals towards different emotional facial expressions in a competitive emotional expression environment, and analyze the effects of emotion type, severity of depression symptoms, and time course on attentional bias. 3.To explore the impact of positive and negative emotional priming on attentional bias in depressed individuals. Methods: Based on the graphic theory, emotion context insensitivity hypothesis, and rumination theory, this study used eye-tracking technology to explore attentional bias and its influencing factors in depressed individuals. The study included three substudies. Study 1 used single faces as materials to study attentional bias towards different emotional facial regions in 32 high-scoring depressed participants and 32 health controls. The research tools included eye-tracking equipment, the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Chinese Affective Picture System (CAFPS). Study 2 used competitive emotional faces as materials to study attentional bias in 25 clinically severe depressed patients, 26 subclinical depressed participants, and 28 health controls. The research tools added the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) to further screen and diagnose clinically depressed patients. Study 3 added emotional priming before competitive emotional faces and compared attentional bias in 28 clinically severe depressed patients, 27 subclinical depressed participants, and 29 health controls under happy and sad emotional priming. The first fixation latency, first fixation duration, average scan duration, and total scan duration were measured in all three studies. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA，and simple effect analysis was conducted if there was a significant interaction effect. Results: Study 1:1) The high-scoring depressed group had a significantly longer first fixation latency on sad eyes than the health control group, and the high-scoring depressed group had a significantly shorter first fixation duration on the entire sad face than the health control group. Study 2: 1) There was a significant group difference in total scan duration among clinically severe depressed patients, subclinical depressed participants, and health controls. The total scan duration was longest in the health control group and shortest in the clinically severe depressed group, with the subclinical depressed group in between. 2) Clinically severe depressed patients had a significantly shorter total scan duration on happy faces than healthy controls. Study 3:1) There was a significant interaction between emotional priming type and group in the analysis of first fixation latency. Under sad emotional priming, the first fixation latency of the clinically severe depressed group was significantly higher than that of the subclinical depressed group, and the first fixation latency of the clinically severe depressed group was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group. 2) There was a three-way interaction between emotional priming type, group, and different emotional expressions in the analysis of first fixation latency. Under sad emotional priming, the clinically severe depressed group had a significantly shorter first fixation duration on sad faces than the healthy control group. Conclusion: In the early stage of attention, sad emotional information will cause depressed individuals to have a slower attentional concentration speed and difficulty maintaining attention. In the later stages of attention, clinically severe depressed patients do not have a significant attentional bias towards any facial expression, and the difference between them and healthy controls is mainly due to the attentional bias towards happy expressions in healthy controls. The performance of subclinical depressed participants is in between the two groups. |
| 英文摘要 | 抑郁症以持久的心境低落、认知功能下降、躯体症状、认知功能下降、睡眠障碍及自杀观念为主要临床特征，在多个方面损害人的身体、认知、情感和社会功能。抑郁的认知理论认为，对情绪信息的注意偏向既是抑郁症的症状，也对抑郁症发病，抑郁状态维持，及抑郁症复发起到重要作用，对这一类差异的特征研究，将对抑郁症的早期筛查、诊断与治疗具有重要价值。既往研究认为抑郁人群存在对消极情绪刺激的注意偏向，并缺乏对积极情绪刺激的注意。本研究从单面孔区域注意偏向、竞争性表情注意偏向、情绪启动对注意偏向的影响三个方面进一步研究抑郁人群注意偏向的特征和影响因素，并对注意偏向形成的原因进行探索。 目的:1、从单面孔扫视过程探索抑郁人群对不同情绪面部区域的注意偏向特征，分析情绪类型、时间进程对注意偏向的影响。2、在竞争性情绪表情的环境下，探索抑郁人群对不同情绪表情的注意偏向特征，分析情绪类型、抑郁症状程度与时间进程对注意偏向的影响。3、探索正性、负性情绪启动对抑郁人群注意偏向的影响。 方法:本研究以图示理论、情绪情境不敏感假说、反当思维为理论基础，应用眼动追踪技术对抑郁人群注意偏向及其影响因素进行探讨。包含三个子研究:研究一以单面孔为材料，对犯名抑郁高分被试及犯名健康对照被试进行不同情绪面部区域的注意偏向研究，研究工具包括眼动追踪设备、抑郁自评量表((SDS), 中国情绪系统(CAFPS。研究二以竞争性情绪面孔为材料，对25名临床重度抑郁患者，26名亚临床抑郁状态被试及28名健康对照被试进行注意偏向研究，研究工具在研究一的基础上增加了汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD，用以对临床抑郁患者做进一步的筛查和诊断。研究三在竞争性情绪面孔前增加了情绪启动，在快乐、悲伤两种情绪启动下对28名临床重度抑郁患者、27名亚临床抑郁状态被试、29名健康对照被试进行了注意偏向的对比研究。三个研究都以首次注视潜伏期、首次注视时长、平均扫视时长、总扫视时长为测量参数，采用重复测量方差分析的方法对数据进行分析，如存在显著交互作用，则进一步做简单效应分析。 结果:研究一:1)抑郁高分组对悲伤眼睛的首次注视潜伏期显著长于健康对照组，抑郁高分组对整个悲伤面孔整体的首次注视时长显著低于健康对照组。研究二:1)临床重度抑郁组、亚临床抑郁状态组、健康对照组在总扫视时长上存在显著的组别差异。健康对照组总扫视时长最长，临床重度抑郁组总扫视时长最短，亚临床抑郁状态组介于两者之间。2)临床重度抑郁患者对快乐面孔的总扫视时长显著低于健康对照组。研究三:1)情绪启动类型与组别在首次注视潜伏期的分析中呈现交互显著:悲伤情绪启动下，重度临床抑郁组的首次注视潜伏 期显著长于亚临床抑郁状态组，重度临床抑郁组的首次注视潜伏期显著长于健康组;2)情绪启动类型、组别、不同情绪表情在首次注视潜伏期中呈现三阶交互;悲伤情绪启动下，重度临床抑郁组对悲伤面孔的首次注视时长显著低于健康对照组。 结论:注意早期，悲伤的情绪信息会引发抑郁人群的注意集中速度下降和注意维持困难。在注意后期，临床重度抑郁患者对各表情的注意无显著偏向，与健康人群的差异主要由健康人群对快乐表情的注意偏向引发。亚临床抑郁状态人群的表现介于两组中间。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45162]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张萌. 抑郁人群对情绪面孔的注意偏向特征:一项眼动研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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