共情与旁观者性别组成对亲社会行为的影响
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 尹迎迎 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 王詠 |
| 关键词 | 共情 旁观者性别组成 亲社会行为 元分析 个人主义一集体主义 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理 |
| 其他题名 | The effect of embathv and bystander sex combosition on prosocial behavior |
| 中文摘要 | Prosocial behavior is not only the expression of personal morality, but also the cornerstone of harmonious social development. It is the care and support for people in the face of hardship and malicious bullying. Numerous studies have explored the influencing factors of prosocial behavior and found that both personal traits and environmental factors have an impact on individual prosocial behavior. Based on previous studies, this study selected individual empathy and bystander gender composition from trait factors and situational factors respectively to explore their effects on individual prosocial behavior. In study 1，meta-analysis technology was used to explore the relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior, and the influence of moderating variables on the relationship was determined, such as cultural background. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between empathy and prosocial behavior, which was influenced by sample characteristics and methodological factors. Study 2 explores the influence of bystander gender composition and participants' own gender on individual prosocial behavior in typical social bullying situations through experimental methods. It is found that prosocial behavior is affected by participants' own gender, bystander's gender composition, and their interaction. The following conclusions can be drawn from the above two studies: (1) individual prosocial behavior is significantly positively correlated with empathy traits, cognitive empathy and affective empathy; (2) The relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior was moderated by cultural background, education level and empathy measurement tools; (3) In typical situations of violent bullying, there were differences in prosocial behavior among different gender situations of bystanders: women had the highest level of prosocial behavior in the all-female group and the lowest level in the all-male group, while there was no significant difference in male prosocial behavior in the four situations of gender composition of bystanders. In conclusion, this study selects specific personal traits and situational factors through meta-analysis and experimental research to explore the relationship between them and individual prosocial behaviors. It proves the relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior, especially the moderating effect of cultural background. The possible effects of bystander sex composition and participant sex on typical violent bullying situations are revealed. The results of this study deepen our understanding of the pre-influencing factors of individual prosocial behavior and help us understand the phenomenon of bystander prosocial behavior in reality. |
| 英文摘要 | 亲社会行为不仅是个人道德的表现，更是社会和谐发展的基石，是人们面临艰难困苦和恶意欺凌时的关爱与支援。众多研究对亲社会行为的影响因素进行探讨，发现个人特质与环境因素都会对个体的亲社会行为产生影响。在前人研究基础上，本研究分别从特质因素和情境因素中选择了个体共情与旁观者性别组成这两个影响因素，探讨其对个体亲社会行为的影响。 研究一采用元分析技术来探究共情及其子维度与亲社会行为之间的关系，以及文化背景等变量对两者关系产生的影响。结果表明，共情与亲社会行为之间存在显著正相关，且受样本特征和方法学因素的影响。研究二通过实验法，探究在典型的社会欺凌情境中，旁观者性别组成与参与者自身性别对个体助人行为的影响，发现参与者自身性别、旁观者性别组成、以及两者的交互作用均会对亲社会行为产生影响。 通过以上两个研究可得到以下结论:(1)个体亲社会行为与共情特质、认知共情、情感共情呈显著正相关;(2)文化背景、受教育水平和共情测量工具对共情一亲社会行为的关系具有调节作用;(3)在典型的暴力欺凌危险情境中，不同旁观者性别组成情境下的助人行为存在差异:女性在全同性群体中助人行为水平最高、在全异性群体中助人行为水平最低，而男性在四种旁观者性别组成情境中的助人行为不存在显著差异。 综上，本研究通过元分析与实验研究选择特定的个人特质与情境因素，探索其与个体亲社会行为之间的关系，证实了共情与亲社会行为之间的关系、尤其是文化背景对两者关系的调节作用，揭示了旁观者性别组成与参与者性别在典型的暴力欺凌情境中可能产生的影响。研究结果加深了我们对个体亲社会行为前置影响因素的认识，也有助于理解现实中的旁观者亲社会行为现象。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45198]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 尹迎迎. 共情与旁观者性别组成对亲社会行为的影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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