The Relative Contribution of Conceptual and Perceptual Information to Encoding and Retrieval in Pictorial Memory
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | DORJKHAND SHARAVJAMTS |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-05 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 杜峰 |
| 关键词 | 图像记忆 概念信息 知觉信息 高效记忆检索模型 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 工程心理学 |
| 其他题名 | 概念和感知信息对图像识别中编码和检索的相对贡献 |
| 中文摘要 | Pictorial memory, a supplemental cognitive pathway, is essential for remembering and understanding visual images, facts, and sensory experiences, and is crucial for our comprehension and navigation in a complex world. However, most memory studies predominantly focus on verbal modalities, resulting in a potentially incomplete picture of our cognitive architecture, particularly regarding the dynamic interplay of conceptual and perceptual information within pictorial memory. As its core, pictorial memory excels in representing both conceptual and perceptual information, reinforcing its significant role in memory research. Despite this, the degree to which these distinct types of information contribute to the encoding, retrieval, and susceptibility to interference within pictorial memory needs further exploration. To assess the unique impact of each type of information, previous research often examines false recognition, often tied to distractors during tests that typically align with the same category objects (conceptual information) or exhibit a visually similar appearance to studied pictures (perceptual information). Our current study aimed to provide robust empirical evidence regarding whether conceptual and perceptual information is equivalently encoded and retrieved, and equivalently susceptible to recognition-phase encoding induced by interferences, testing and decay. To do so, we used foils similar to studied targets in conceptual and/or perceptual dimensions, including random foils (CLPL), foils that were conceptually similar but not perceptually similar to the targets (CHPL), foils that were perceptually similar but not conceptually similar to the targets (CLPH), and foils that were similar to the targets in both conceptual and perceptual dimensions (CHPH). We hypothesized that if conceptual and perceptual information has the same mnemonic mechanisms (equal encoding rate, retrieval rate, and forgetting rate), the CHPL and CLPH foils should generate equal false alarm rate, and equal false alarm rate's dynamics during test. We conducted in total four experiments, in which the first three was to see if the CHPL and CLPH foils equally contribute to pictorial memory. In the first and third experiments, we aimed to understand the influence of varying study times on the relative contributions of conceptual and perceptual information to memory encoding and retrieval. Our findings indicated that CHPL and CLPH foils generated equal false alarm rate, suggesting both types of information contributed equally, regardless of the duration of the study period. The second and third experiments sought to explore how changes in the study task affected the encoding and retrieval of conceptual and perceptual information. We found that CHPL and CLPH foils produced equal false alarm rate in all the experiments except conceptual encoding conditions. This demonstrates the encoding and retrieval of these types of information were roughly equivalent unless participants were given instructions emphasizing conceptual understanding during the study phase. Finally, in the fourth experiment, we investigated the differential impact of encoding during the recognition phase on conceptual and perceptual information. We used foils that differed in conceptual and perceptual similarity to targets and manipulated conditions of repeated study vs. repeated recognition, same vs. different foils, and a 10-minute vs. 2-day delay. Our results showed that while both types of information experienced similar effects of output interference, recognition benefit, and testing effect, perceptual information demonstrated a greater susceptibility to recognition interference and decay compared to conceptual information. Collectively, our research findings cohesively illuminate several crucial aspects of the interplay between conceptual and perceptual information in visual memory. It was observed that both types of information are encoded and stored into memory at equal levels, unless the study task is conceptually oriented. Moreover, both conceptual and perceptual information are equally retrieved to probe memory and incite output interference. However, perceptual information shows a higher vulnerability to the negative effects of previous tests' output interference and exhibits a greater susceptibility to decay. This underscores the robustness of conceptual information in pictorial memory. Despite these nuances, the general consensus from our experiments underscores the equal contribution of both conceptual and perceptual information in mnemonic processes, thereby highlighting the multifaceted nature of memory encoding and retrieval. We relate our observations to the existing empirical and theoretical literature on verbal memory and apply the Retrieving Effectively from Memory model to comprehend information processing in visual memory. |
| 英文摘要 | 图像记忆同时表征着概念信息和知觉信息，对于理解和记忆视觉图像必不可少，也对于我们在复杂世界中的理解和导航至关重要。然而，大多数记忆研究主要集中在言语记忆上，导致对我们对图像记忆的机制了解不完整，特别是图像记忆中语义信息和知觉信息的相对贡献。以往的研究发现，当未学习过的图像(干扰图像)与学习过的图像(目标图像)有同一类别的信息(概念信息)，或者在视觉上有相似的外观(知觉信息)时，容易发生错误再认。但是概念信息和知觉信息如何影响图像记忆还缺乏系统的研究。 本研究的目标就是通过系统的实验来探讨概念信息和知觉信息在图像记忆中的贡献大小。为此，我们使用了与目标图像在概念和/或在知觉上有不同相似性的干扰图像，包括:在概念与知觉上均不相似的随机干扰图像(CLPL)、在概念上相似但在知觉上不相似的干扰图像(CHPL )、在知觉上相似但在概念上不相似的干扰图像(CLPH)以及在概念和知觉维度上都与目标相似的干扰图像(CHPH)。本研究的假设是，如果概念和知觉信息的记忆机制一致(编码率、提取率和遗忘率相同)，那么CHPL和CLPH干扰图像应该产生相同水平的误报率，并且其误报率在测试中的动态变化一致。 我们一共进行了四个研究，前三个研究的目的是研究CHPL和CLPH信息对于图像记忆的贡献大小在不同学习条件下是否相同。研究1和3考察在不同的学习时间下，概念和知觉信息对于记忆编码和检索的影响，结果发现CHPL和CLPH干扰图像的误报率相同，表明概念信息和知觉信息对于图像记忆的影响相同，且不受学习时间影响。研究2和3考察不同的编码任务条件下，概念和知觉信息是否同等地导致图像错误记忆的发生。结果发现当编码任务侧重于概念信息时，CHPL干扰图像的误报率比CLPH干扰图像高，而编码任务侧重于知觉信息时，两者的误报率相同，表明不同类型的信息对于图像记忆的编码和检索的影响相同，除非在学习阶段强调图片的概念信息。第四个研究是为了研究概念信息和知觉信息对测试的干扰程度和对时间衰减的敏感度。我们使用两个连续、具有相同干扰图像的再认任务，从而使前一个再认任务对后一个再认任务产生干扰(相较于使用两个连续但具有不同干扰图像的再认任务)，并通过两天的延迟来诱发记忆衰减。结果发现，知觉信息比概念信息更容易受到相同干扰图像的再认任务的干扰，以及随时间更快地衰退。 我们的实验结果阐明了图像记忆中概念信息和语义信息之间相互作用的几个关键方面: (1)除非学习阶段的编码任务是以概念信息为导向的，否则概念信息和知觉信息会以相同的强度被编码进记忆里;(2)概念信息和知觉信息在测试阶段以相同的强度被提取和产生测试干扰;(3)知觉信息比概念信息更容易被上一个再认测试所影响;(4)知觉信息比概念信息更容易随时间流逝而产生记忆衰减。总的来说，在大部分情况下，图像记忆中概念信息和知觉信息对图像记忆的贡献是均等的，但概念信息比知觉信息更为稳健。我们将我们的实验结果与现有的语义记忆的实证和理论研究联系起来，并应用“高效记忆提取”模型来理解视觉记忆中的信息处理。 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45219]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | DORJKHAND SHARAVJAMTS. The Relative Contribution of Conceptual and Perceptual Information to Encoding and Retrieval in Pictorial Memory[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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