基于工作要求-资源模型的社区工作者压力应对研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张琴 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-12 |
| 文献子类 | 继续教育硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 陈雪峰 |
| 关键词 | 工作要求-资源模型 社区工作者 角色压力 工作倦怠 团体辅导 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Study on Stress Coping of Community Workers Based on Job Demands-Resource Model |
| 中文摘要 | Abstract Occupational mental health is closely related to work and greatly affected by job characteristics. China has a large number of occupational population and a great variety of occupational types, rendering the mental health problems of the occupational population non-negligible. Job Demand-Resource Theory (JD-R) is a representative theory in the field of occupational mental health research, which over time complements itself by including the perspective of job characteristics. From the initial dual-process model of "job demands lead to health damage and job resources contribute to motivation", JD-R model gradually expanded to include individual resources and organizational resources. Domestic researchers have noticed the importance of this theory, but empirical studies focusing on specific occupation and specific population remain few. The study takes place amid the normalization of COVID epidemic in China, and investigates the impacts which typical job requirements and resources bring to a group of community worker, the influence of the validation of two basic assumptions "health impairment process" and the "buffer effect". This study is carried out in three stages. The first stage is qualitative research. Structured interviews are conducted with 40 community workers, and a thorough analysis of the literature was done. Job burnout is found to be the main mental health problem to the community workers. Role stress and work-family conflict are the main stressors, and psychological capital and person-post matching are important work resources. The second stage of the study is quantitative research. 335 community workers were finished the questionnaire. It was found that: (1) Role stress and work-family conflict were the main sources of stress experienced by community workers, resulting in job burnout, and family interference was a stronger predictor of job burnout. Role stress and job interference did not significantly predict work and life satisfaction. (2) Role stress has different effects on job burnout, role ambiguity has a significant positive effect on the three dimensions of job burnout, role overload has a significant positive effect on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, but role conflict has no significant predictive effect. (3) family interference work has a significant positive predictive effect on the three dimensions of job burnout, and work interference family has a significant predictive effect on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. (4) Psychological capital plays a partial mediating role in the influence of role stress on job burnout and work-family conflict on job burnout, but the effects of different dimensions are different. (5) Person-post matching significantly moderated the impact of family interference on job burnout. The third stage is intervention research. Group counseling was carried out for community workers, and the difference test was carried out for matched samples before and after counseling. After one session of group counseling focusing on psychological capital, under the condition of increasing job requirement score, the two dimensions of job burnout of emotional exhaustion and achievement reduce seemed to decrease, and the mean score of psychological capital in all dimensions mean seemed to increase. Although the effect is not significant, but the meaningful intervention had a positive effect. Under the normalization of the COVID-epidemic prevention and control, this study gives attention to the community workers in China, and discusses the process and mechanism by which job characteristics influence occupational health. Through qualitative research, quantitative research and intervention research, the study on a theoretical level verifies the "health impairment process" and the "buffer effect" in the JD-R model, and introduced “personnel-post matching” into the model. This study provides an empirical basis for maintaining the occupational mental health of community workers and improving the level of community governance, and has theoretical significance for the verification and expansion of job demand-resource model. Key words: job requirements-resource model，community staffs， role pressure，work burnout，group guidance |
| 英文摘要 | 摘 要 职业心理健康与工作密切相关、受工作特征影响大。我国职业人口数量大、职业类型多，职业人群的心理健康问题不容忽视。工作要求-资源理论（job demand-resource theory，JD-R）是职业心理健康研究领域的代表性理论，该理论从最初的“工作要求导致健康受损和工作资源促成动机激发”的双路径模型，逐渐拓展到将个体资源、组织资源等纳入进来，形成一个日趋完善的从工作特征出发研究职业心理健康问题的理论体系。国内研究者已注意到该理论的重要性，但针对特定职业、特定人群的实证研究较少。 本研究在疫情防控常态化这一背景下，针对社区工作者这一职业群体，研究其典型工作要求和工作资源对职业心理健康的影响，验证工作要求-资源模型的“损耗路径”和“缓冲效应”这两个基本假设，探索干预方案并分析其效果。 本研究分为三个阶段递进展开。第一阶段是质性研究。对40位社区工作者进行结构化访谈，结合文献分析，发现在疫情防控常态化背景下，对社区工作者而言，工作倦怠是主要心理健康问题，角色压力和工作家庭冲突是主要压力源，心理资本和人岗匹配是重要的工作资源。第二阶段是量化研究。对335位社区工作者进行问卷调查，发现（1）角色压力和工作家庭冲突是社区工作者感受到的主要压力源，并因此而感受到工作倦怠，且家庭干涉工作的预测力更大。角色压力和工作干涉家庭对工作和生活满意度的预测不显著。（2）角色压力各维度对工作倦怠的影响不同，角色模糊对工作倦怠三个维度均有显著正向预测作用，角色超载对情绪耗竭和人格解体有显著正向预测作用，角色冲突无显著预测作用。（3）家庭干涉工作对工作倦怠三个维度均有显著正向预测作用，工作干涉家庭对情绪耗竭和人格解体有显著预测作用。（4）心理资本在角色压力影响工作倦怠、工作家庭冲突影响工作倦怠的过程中起部分中介作用，但不同维度的作用不同。（5）人岗匹配对家庭干涉工作影响工作倦怠有显著调节作用。第三阶段是干预研究。对社区工作者开展团体辅导，对团辅前后匹配样本进行差异检验，发现以心理资本为主题的单次团体心理辅导后，在工作要求分值增加的情况下，工作倦怠的两个维度情绪耗竭和成就感降低均有下降趋势，心理资本各维度均值均有提升趋势，虽然效果均不显著, 但该趋势说明干预有积极影响。 本研究在疫情防控常态化下，对社区工作者这一较少受到关注的职业群体进行研究，探讨了工作特征影响职业心理健康的过程和机制，通过质性研究、量化研究和干预研究，在理论上系统验证了JD-R模型的损耗路径和缓冲效应，将人岗匹配这一既可以是工作资源也可以是个体资源的变量纳入该模型，对现有理论模型进行拓展。基于量化研究结果对社区工作者提供团体心理辅导并验证其有效性。本研究为维护社区工作者的职业心理健康、提升社区治理水平提供了实证研究的依据，对工作要求-资源模型的验证和拓展具有理论意义。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/45236]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张琴. 基于工作要求-资源模型的社区工作者压力应对研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2021. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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