Objective: Objective: To investigate the influence of fathers’ performance in co-parenting on children' s externalizing problem behavior, and to explore the mediating roles of maternal parenting stress and maternal parenting self-efficacy. Methods: A total of 581 mothers whose child aged from 4 to 6 years old completed the Co-parenting Relationship Scale, Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale-Parenting Stress Index-Short Form and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: ① Correlation analyses showed that four dimensions of positive paternal co-parenting were significantly negatively correlated with children' s externalizing problem behavior, negatively correlated with maternal parenting stress, and positively correlated with maternal parenting self-efficacy; Maternal parenting stress was significantly positively correlated with children's externalizing problem behavior while maternal parenting self-efficacy was negatively correlated with children’s externalizing problem behavior; Maternal parenting stress and maternal parenting self-efficacy negatively correlated with each other.② Multiple mediation modeling indicated father' s positive performance in co-parenting had no significant direct effect on the children' s externalizing problem behavior. It exerted the indirect effects on children’s externalizing problem behavior not only through the mediating effect of maternal parenting stress and maternal parenting self-efficacy, respectively, but also through the chain mediating effect of maternal parenting stress and maternal parenting self-efficacy. Conclusion: Maternal parenting stress and maternal parenting self-efficacy exert multiple mediating effects on the relationship between father’s positive performance in co-parenting and the children's externalizing problem behavior.

目的：考察父亲在共同养育中的表现对儿童外化问题行为的影响，探讨母亲教养压力和母亲教养效能在其中的中介作用。方法：采用共同养育关系量表、教养自我效能感量表、亲职压力简表和儿童长处与困难问卷对581位3～6岁儿童的母亲进行测量。结果：(1)相关分析显示，父亲积极共同养育的四个维度均与儿童的外化问题行为呈显著负相关，与母亲教养压力呈显著负相关，与母亲教养效能呈显著正相关；母亲教养压力与儿童外化问题行为呈显著正相关；母亲教养效能与儿童外化问题行为呈显著负相关；母亲教养压力与母亲教养效能显著负相关。(2)结构方程模型显示，父亲的积极共同养育对儿童外化问题行为的直接效应不显著，其影响是分别通过母亲教养压力和母亲教养效能各自的中介作用，以及这两个变量所形成的链式中介效应间接产生的。结论：母亲教养压力和母亲教养效能在父亲共同养育与儿童外化问题行为之间起多重中介效应。