时间焦点对汉语母语者前后轴时间概念加工的影响
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 毕一凡 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 刘烨 |
| 关键词 | 时空映射 时间焦点假设 隐喻构念观 前后轴 汉语母语者 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 基础心理 |
| 其他题名 | The Effect of Temporal Focus on the Processing of Temporal concprt in the Sagittal Axis of Chinese Native Speakers |
| 中文摘要 | A number of studies have found that there is a cognitive connection between spatial and temporal concepts, and people map single-dimensional temporal concepts onto a three-dimensional spatial axis. Different from the lateral or vertical axis, the representation of temporal concepts on the sagittal axis is complex and flexible. Early researchers argued that spatial-temporal metaphorical expressions in language affect people to map spatial-temporal concepts on the sagittal axis of thinking. However, this view does not explain well the influence of factors other than linguistic factors. In recent years, some researchers have explained people's diverse mapping association based on the "Temporal Focus Hypothesis". However, it is still unclear how different temporal focus play a role in the processing of temporal concepts, and few researchers have comparatively analyzed the interaction between temporal focus and spatial-temporal metaphorical expressions in the processing of temporal concepts. To address these issues, this paper proposed to use two studies to examine the effects of temporal focus on native Chinese speakers' processing of temporal concepts on the sagittal axis, and to provide further experimental evidence to investigate the origin of sagittal temporal mapping. Study 1 consisted of two behavioral experiments and one EEG experiment, using a temporal concept judgment task based on "stimulus-response" compatibility and "stimulus-stimulus" compatibility to compare the responses of participants with different temporal focus in processing non-metaphorical temporal words on the sagittal axis. The results showed that individuals with future focus responded faster to the "Future-front, Past-back" conditions and induced stronger P300 components in the "Past-front" condition, which showing the "Future-front, Past-back" implicit temporal mapping. In addition, the degree of focus on different time points also influences individuals' mapping tendencies. The more individuals pay attention to the future, the stronger the tendency of "Future-front, Past-back" mapping will be, and conversely, the tendency of "Past-front, Future-back" mapping will be. These results suggest that different temporal focus can explain people's temporal mapping tendencies in processing non-metaphorical temporal concepts, and that the degree of attention to different time points can predict the strength of people's temporal mapping tendencies. Study 2 further examined the interaction between temporal focus and spatial-temporal metaphorical linguistic expressions through two behavioral experiments and analyzed the effect of manipulating the activation of different temporal focuses on people's processing of metaphorical expressions and non-metaphorical expressions of temporal concepts. The results of Experiment 4 revealed that people showed a tendency to "Past-front" mapping when processing metaphorical temporal concepts regardless of their temporal focus. In Experiment 5, future-focused subjects who were guided to focus on the past or future did not show a significant temporal mapping tendency. However, individuals who were guided to focus on the past showed a "Past-front" mapping when processing non-metaphorical temporal words. These suggest that temporal focus may play a minor or irrelevant role in people's processing of metaphorical temporal concepts, but a change in temporal focus can directly affect people's mapping tendency to process non-metaphorical temporal concepts, and the two are causally related. In summary, this paper combined the results of the above five experiments and concluded that there may be a dual mapping system in people's processing of temporal concepts. When people process non-metaphorical temporal concepts, temporal focus plays an important role in people's processing, causing future一focused individuals to exhibit a "Future-front, Past-back" spatial-temporal mapping, while past-focused individuals exhibit a "Past-front, Future-back" spatial-temporal mapping. When people process metaphorical temporal concepts, the metaphorically-guided "Past-front, Future-back" association is the main reason that influences people's spatial-temporal mapping, and the temporal focus plays only a minor role in it. This finding provides empirical support for exploring the origins of people's sagittal temporal mappings and for constructing a unified theoretical interpretation framework. |
| 英文摘要 | 许多研究发现，空间与时间概念之间存在认知联结，人们会将单一维度的时间概念映射在三维的空间轴上。不同于左右与上下轴，人们在前后轴上的时空映射倾向具有复杂性和灵活性。早期研究者认为语言中的时空隐喻表达会影响人们思维中的前后轴时空映射倾向。但该观点并不能很好地解释除语言因素外的其他因素对人们时空映射倾向的影响。近年来，一些研究者基于时间焦点来解释人们多样化映射倾向。但目前对于不同时间焦点如何在人们的时间概念加工过程中发挥作用仍不清楚，也鲜有人比较分析时间焦点和时空隐喻表达在人们加工时间概念时的交互作用。针对上述问题，本文拟采用两个研究考察时间焦点对汉语母语者加工前后轴上的时间概念的影响，证实时间焦点假设对人们前后时空映射的解释和预测作用，为探究前后时空映射的起源提供进一步的实验证据。 研究1包括两个行为实验和一个脑电实验，采用基于“刺激一反应”相容和“刺激一刺激”相容的时间概念判断任务，比较不同时间焦点的被试在加工前后轴上的非隐喻时间词汇的反应差异。结果发现，未来焦点的个体会对“前一未来、后一过去”条件的反应速度更快，且在“前一过去”条件下会诱发更强的P300成分，表现出“前一未来、后一过去”的内隐时空映射倾向。此外，对不同时间点的关注程度也会影响个体的映射倾向。个体越关注未来，就会表现出越强的“前一未来、后一过去”的映射倾向，反之，则会表现出“前一过去、后一未来”的映射倾向。这表明，不同时间焦点可以解释人们在加工非隐喻时间概念过程中表现出的时空映射倾向，且对不同时间点的关注程度可以预测人们的时空映射倾向强度。 研究2通过两个行为实验进一步考察时间焦点与时空隐喻语言表达的交互作用，并分析操纵激活不同时间焦点对人们加工隐喻表达和非隐喻表达时间概念的影响，分析时间焦点是否在前后轴上的时空映射过程中发挥重要作用。实验4的结果发现，无论人们的时间焦点如何，在加工隐喻时间概念时都会表现出“前-过去”的映射倾向。而在实验5中，被引导关注过去或未来的未来焦点被试则并没有表现出明显的映射倾向。但引导关注过去的个体在加工非隐喻词汇时表现出“前一过去”的映射倾向。这表明，时间焦点在人们加工隐喻时间概念过程中可能仅发挥次要或无关作用，但时间焦点的改变可以直接影响人们加工非隐喻时间概念时的时空映射倾向，二者具有因果联系。 最后，本文综合以上五个实验的结果认为，人们在加工时间概念时可能存在双映射系统。时间焦点在人们加工非隐喻时间概念过程中发挥重要作用，使得未来焦点个体表现出“前一未来、后一过去”的时空映射，而过去焦点个体则表现出“前一过去、后一未来”的时空映射。而在人们加工隐喻时间概念时，由隐喻引导的“前-过去、后一未来”联结是影响人们时空映射的主要原因，时间焦点仅在其中发挥次要或微弱作用。这一发现为探究人们形成前后时空映射的起源，建构统一的理论解释框架提供更多支持。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46081]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 毕一凡. 时间焦点对汉语母语者前后轴时间概念加工的影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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