基于生物运动特征的生命性感知
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 黄梅 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 王莹 |
| 关键词 | 生命性知觉 生物运动 视觉适应 生命探测 运动学特征 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 基础心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Perceiving animacy from the kinematics of biological motion |
| 中文摘要 | Animacy perception is essential for human survival and reproduction and provides a prelude to social interaction. The unique movement patterns of living organisms, also known as biological motion (BM), are a critical source of animacy information. However, how humans perceive animacy from the motion cues in BM remains largely unexplored. In this thesis, we presented two studies aiming to address this issue. Study 1 focused on the fundamental question regarding the neural basis of human perception of animacy from the kinematic cues in walking, the most basic form of BM in terrestrial animals, using the visual adaptation paradigm. In five experiments, we found that preexposure to animate BM (i.e., walking) and the less animate motion counterpart induced significant adaptation aftereffects on animacy perception. This effect persisted after adaptation to feet movements carrying diagnostic local kinematic cues but not after viewing the static form of BM, indicating there are neuronal populations dedicated to animacy perception from BM based on motion signals. Moreover, adapting to the movement of pigeons could bias animacy perception for human motions, revealing that the neural representation of animacy from BM stimuli can transfer across species. These results suggest that animacy perception of BM involves a neural mechanism driven by local foot motion signals and responsive to cross-species kinematic cues, supporting the existence of an inherent `life detector' in the human brain. In Study 2, we further explored which kinematic features of the walking patterns influence animacy perception. We conducted three experiments to examine the role of three kinematic features (i.e., acceleration in limb movements, opponent motion of contralateral limbs, and articulation of joints) in the perception of animacy, using a 2-alternative-forced-choice (2AFC) task or an animacy rating task combined with the Bradley-Terry data analysis model. Our results suggest that all of these features have significant effects on human perception of animacy, with an interaction between the effects of limb opponent motion and articulation features. We used machine learning model to further analyze the importance of these three factors and their sub-features to animacy perception. We found that the influence of articulation motion and opponent motion of contralateral limbs is stronger than acceleration in limb movements, and some specific dynamic characteristics of limb movement (such as the phase difference between horizontal and vertical opponent motion) play a key role in animacy perception. These findings provide compelling evidence for the existence of a `life detection' mechanism in the human brain based on some key kinematic features prevalent in the motion of terrestrial species. Moreover, several kinematic features, including acceleration, limb opponent motion, and articulation, are crucial to inducing the perception of animacy from BM. |
| 英文摘要 | 生命性知觉(animacy perception)对于人类的生存繁衍至关重要，也是社会互动的前奏。生命体特有的运动模式，又称生物运动，是生命性信息的基本载体之一。然而，至今尚缺乏系统研究探讨人类如何基于生物运动的动态特征感知生命性的问题。为此，本文将通过两个研究探索上述问题。 在研究一中，我们聚焦于人类神经系统对行走运动一一这一陆生生物最重要的运动模式的生命性感知机制，采取视觉适应范式(adaptation paradigm)开展了五个实验。我们发现观察者适应具有高生命性的自然行走运动刺激及低生命性的运动刺激能引发生命性感知的适应后效，但适应运动刺激的静态形状不能引起适应后效，表明人脑中存在基于人类行走运动的动态特征感知生命性的神经元群。此外，当适应的刺激为携带局部动态特征的脚部运动或者完整的光点鸽子行走运动时，依然可以引起对完整人类行走运动生命性感知的适应后效，说明基于生物运动线索感知生命性的机制对符合重力作用的脚部运动线索敏感，并可由跨物种生物运动信号驱动。上述结果为人脑中存在由陆生生物的脚步运动线索驱动的生命探测机制这一假说提供了有力证据。 在研究二中，我们进一步考察了行走运动中包含的哪些运动学特征可以影响生命性感知。我们开展了三个实验，利用二项迫选或者生命性评分任务结合Bradley-Terry数据分析模型，考察了肢体运动包含的加速度、对立运动、关节铰接运动等特征在生命性感知中的作用。实验结果表明，上述特征都能显著影响生命性感知，其中肢体对立和铰接特征的影响存在交互作用。我们利用机器学习模型进一步分析了这三种因素及其细分特征对于生命性感知的重要程度，发现铰接和对立运动的影响均强于加速度，并且肢体运动中的一些特定动态特征(如水平竖直对立运动间的相位差等)在生命性知觉中起关键作用。 以上结果有力地支持了人脑中存在基于陆生生物的某些普遍存在的关键运动特征感知生命性的“生命探测”机制，这种机制具有一定的跨物种特性，肢体运动所特有的加速度、对立、铰接等运动学特征可能是驱动上述生命性感知过程的关键因素。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46086]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 黄梅. 基于生物运动特征的生命性感知[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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