生活方式对中老年人内在能力的影响
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 周晨 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 李会杰 |
| 关键词 | 内在能力 生活方式 G-formula参数模型 模拟干预 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The effect of lifestyle on the intrinsic capacity of middle-aged and older adults |
| 中文摘要 | Intrinsic capacity refers to the sum of physical functions and mental abilities that a person can utilize at any given time, and is the core content of healthy aging. Changes in intrinsic capacity can reflect the aging progress of individuals, and the overall trend is downward and has large heterogeneity. The World Health Organization recommends that individuals adopt healthy lifestyles to maintain and improve their intrinsic capacity so that they can maintain a heap场state and enjoy life better. Currently, research on the relationship between lifestyle and intrinsic capacity is in its infancy. This study intends to explore the effects of lifestyle factors on the intrinsic capacity of middle-aged and older adults. Moreover, because it is difficult to implement on-site lifestyle interventions, this study intends to investigate the effects of lifestyle hypothetical interventions on the improvement of intrinsic capacity in middle-aged and older adults. The present study mainly focuses on popular lifestyle factors that are difficult to intervene in real life. Study 1 used 2011 baseline data from the cohort data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which is highly recognized internationally and has good data quality, to explore the relationship between lifestyle factors (smoking, social activities, physical activities, and Internet use) and the intrinsic capacity of middle-aged and older adults from a cross一sectional analysis perspective, and further explored the influence of gender and age on the relationship between the two fa tors. Study 2 applied the G-formula parametric model to conduct a hypothetical intervention study. Study 2 examined the effect of the lifestyle hypothetical intervention on the improvement of intrinsic capacity using 2011 data as the baseline and 2013 and 2015 data as two follow-ups. The results of Study 1 showed that social activities, physical activity, and Internet use significantly and positively predicted intrinsic capacity in middle-aged and older adults, and that there were no gender differences. Time-varying effect model analyses showed that the negative relationship between current smoking and intrinsic capacity was significant in older adults aged 71-79 years; the positive effect of interacting with friends was significant in individuals aged 48-64 years; the positive effect of playing mahjong or chess was significant in individuals aged 49一60 years; the positive effect of physical activities was significant in individuals aged 49一63 years; the positive effect of Internet use was significant in individuals aged 46一58 years and 83-91 years. The results of the hypothetical intervention analysis in Study 2 found that smoking cessation, active social activities (playing mahjong or chess, unpaid help activities), physical activity and Internet use significantly increased the intrinsic capacity of middle-aged and older adults. There were gender and age differences in the effects of the lifestyle interventions, smoking cessation and active participation in interacting with friend activities only improved men's intrinsic capacity. Smoking cessation, increased frequency of drinking, active participation in social activities and physical activity only improved the intrinsic capacity of individuals of 45一64 years. Compared with feasible interventions, higher intensity interventions lead to better improving results. Moreover, the combined intervention of all lifestyle factors could bring the best intervention effect, and the more intervention factors, the more obvious enhancement of the intrinsic capacity. Overall, this study found that active lifestyles (smoking cessation, active social activities, physical activities and Internet use) could help middle-aged and older adults improve their intrinsic capacity, and there were gender and age differences in the improvement effects. The improvement of intrinsic capacity can not only improve the quality of life of middle-aged and older adults, promote the realization of healthy aging, but also can reduce the economic burden of the families and society. Compared with previous studies, this study extends the participants to middle-aged and older adults, focuses on lifestyle factors that are difficult to carry out on-site intervention, enriches the intervention studies in the field of intrinsic capacity, and extends the application area of the G-formula model, providing a solid evidence support for maintenance and improvement of intrinsic capacity in middle-aged and older adults. |
| 英文摘要 | 内在能力指人在任何时间都能利用的身体机能和心理能力的总和，是健康老龄化的核心内容。内在能力变化可以反映个体老化进展，总体呈下降趋势且有较大异质性。世界卫生组织建议个人采用健康的生活方式维持和改善内在能力，从而保持健康状态，更好地享受生活。目前，关于生活方式与内在能力关系研究处于起步阶段。本研究拟探索生活方式因素对中老年人内在能力的影响;此外，由于生活方式现场干预较难实施，本研究拟探讨生活方式模拟干预对中老年人内在能力的改善效果。 本研究聚焦于现实生活中难于干预且常见的生活方式因素。研究一采用国际认可度高且数据质量较好的中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS)队列数据2011年基线数据，从横断分析角度，探讨生活方式因素(吸烟、社交活动、体育活动和互联网使用)与中老年人内在能力关系，并进一步探索性别和年龄对二者关系的影响。研究二应用G-formula参数模型开展模拟干预研究。研究二以2011年数据为基线，2013年与2015年数据为两次追踪，考察生活方式模拟干预改善内在能力的效果。 研究一结果表明，社交活动、体育活动及互联网使用均可显著正向预测中老年人内在能力，且这一正向预测不存在性别差异。时变效应模型表明，当前吸烟与内在能力的负向作用关系，在71-79岁人群中显著;串门聊天活动的积极作用，在48-64岁人群显著;麻将棋牌活动的积极作用，在 49-60岁人群中显著;体育活动的积极作用，在49-63岁人群显著;互联网使用的积极作用，在46-58岁及83-91岁人群均显著。研究二模拟干预结果发现，戒烟、积极参与社交活动、体育活动与互联网使用均能显著提升中老年人的内在能力。生活方式因素干预存在J性别和年龄差异，戒烟与积极参与串门聊天活动频率仅能提升男性的内在能力;戒烟、积极参与麻将棋牌活动与体育活动仅能提升中年人内在能力。相比可行干预，强度更高的强化干预措施可以带来更好的提升效果。此外，生活方式各因素的联合模拟干预可以带来最好的干预效果，干预因素越多、内在能力提升越明显。 总体来看，本研究发现积极生活方式(戒烟、积极参与社交活动、体育活动与互联网使用)可以提升中老年人内在能力，且提升效果存在性别和年龄差异。内在能力改善，不仅可以提升中老年人群生活质量，促进健康老龄化，而且能够减轻家庭和社会经济负担。相比于以往研究，本研究将被试扩展至中老年人群，聚焦于难以开展现场干预的生活方式因素，丰富了内在能力领域干预研究，同时扩展了G-formula参数模型应用领域，为中老年人内在能力的维持与提升提供了较为坚实的证据支撑。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46103]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 周晨. 生活方式对中老年人内在能力的影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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