长时程适应更改现实调节眼优势的神经机制
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 杜欣欣 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 鲍敏 |
| 关键词 | 眼优势 更改现实技术 眼间抑制 稳态视觉诱发电位 事件相关电位 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | The Neural Mechanisms for Regulating Ocular Dominance through Long-term Adaptation to Altered-reality |
| 中文摘要 | Ocular dominance is a dynamically changing phenomenon that exhibits varying levels of plasticity during the development and maturation of the visual system. Recent studies over the past decade have suggested that certain visual training paradigms are capable of regulating adult ocular dominance. However, the neural mechanisms and behavioral training paradigms underlying the reshaping of ocular dominance in adulthood remain unclear and have yet to reach a consensus. This dissertation examines the neural mechanisms underlying adult ocular dominance plasticity using a paradigm based on long-term adaptation to altered-reality, as investigated in two studies. In Study 1，we conducted a six-day continuous, three-hour per day behavioral training using the altered-reality adaptation paradigm on adult amblyopia patients with extreme interocular imbalance. Visual acuity and electroencephalogram (EEG) testing were performed on the subjects at three time points: before training, 24 hours after training completion, and one month follow up test. In the EEG experiment, we used frequency tagging and steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) to measure the EEG signals of each eye and the intermodulation frequency (IM) neural signal that reflects interocular interaction. By calculating the changes in response amplitude to complementary-patchwork stimuli (i.e., adaptation stimuli during the training phase) between the two eyes before and after training, we examined the neural activity of long-term altered reality adaptation in regulating eye dominance. The results showed that the amplitude of the IM component decreased significantly one month after the training ended. This training effect was only found in the amblyopia group of Experiment 1 and not in the interocular balanced healthy group of Experiment 2. Given that the stimuli in this study were complementary-patchwork natural images to both eyes, we tend to believe that the measured IM component reflects the degree of interocular inhibition in interocular interaction, and the decrease in IM amplitude represents a weakening of inhibition. We explained this de-inhibition mechanism using the ocular opponency model and provided initial direct neural evidence for interocular de-inhibition mechanism of adult ocular plasticity. In Study 2, we investigated the training effect on the neural signals of the visual processing pathway in adults with normal vision but relative interocular imbalance. We first conducted a screening experiment using black and white grating binocular rivalry task to select participants with interocular imbalance index. After this, in Experiment 2a, using event-related potential (ERP) and motion coherence detection paradigm, we explored the changes in neural responses related to motion processing area of the visual dorsal pathway before and after long-term altered-reality adaptation. The results showed that the N1 component in the occipital lobe had significant changes after training but with eye specificity, as evidenced by a decrease in the signal amplitude of the stronger eye during the follow-up test. In addition, in Experiment 2b, using steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) and red-green grating binocular rivalry paradigm, we examined how the neural signals in the primary area of the visual ventral pathway changed before and after training. The results showed that there was no significant change in the signal strength of the tagged frequency for both eyes, nor in the intermodulation frequency. These preliminary findings suggest that regulating eye dominance through complementary-patchwork adaptation method could affect the neural signals in the motion processing area of the visual dorsal pathway. In conclusion, Study 1 suggests that long-term altered reality adaptation can decrease the amplitude of the IM component, which reflects the degree of interocular suppression, in individuals with extreme interocular imbalance. Study 2 reveals that the amplitude of the stronger eye to motion stimuli in the visual dorsal pathway is weakened after long-term altered reality adaptation in individuals with relative interocular imbalance. These findings provide empirical evidence for the regulation of adult eye dominance from both the low-level interocular suppression and high-level dorsal pathway motion processing neural responses in the visual system, complementing our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the long-term altered reality adaptation paradigms. |
| 英文摘要 | 眼优势(ocular dominance)是动态变化的，随着视觉系统的发育和成熟表现出不同程度的可塑性水平。最近十多年的研究表明，一些视觉训练范式是能够调节成年人的眼优势的，但是成年期眼优势重塑的脑机制和行为训练之间的联系还处于初步探索阶段，暂未达成一致共识。本论文通过两项研究初步探讨了基于长时程适应更改现实训练调节成年人眼优势的神经机制。 在研究一中，我们使用更改现实适应范式对两眼极端不平衡的成年弱视病人进行了连续6天、每天3小时的长时程行为训练。在训练开始前、训练结束后24小时、训练结束后1个月这三个时间点对被试进行了视力测量和脑电测试。在脑电实验中，我们使用了频率标记技术和稳态视觉诱发电位来测量被试每只眼睛的脑电信号以及反映眼间交互作用的交互调制频率(intermodulation frequency, IM)神经信号。通过计算被试在训练前后对双眼互补的视频刺激(也就是训练阶段的适应刺激)响应幅度的变化，来检验长时程适应更改现实调节眼优势的神经活动。结果发现在训练结束1个月后，交互调制频率成分的信号幅度显著下降，这种训练效应仅在实验1的弱视组中发现，在实验2的两眼平衡健康组中没有发现。根据本研究中的刺激类型是双眼互补的自然图像，我们倾向于认为所测量到的交互调制频率成分反映的是双眼交互作用中的眼间抑制程度，交互调制频率成分幅度下降代表抑制程度的减弱。我们通过眼拮抗模型(ocular opponency model)对这种去抑制的作用机制进行了解释，为成年人眼优势可塑性的眼间去抑制机制提供了初步的直接神经证据。 在研究二中，我们使用更改现实适应范式对两眼相对不平衡但视力正常的成年人开展了研究，初步探索更改现实适应范式调节眼优势对于视觉加工通路的神经信号的影响。我们首先在更改现实设备上进行了双眼竞争行为实验用来筛选两眼相对不平衡的被试。通过事件相关电位脑电实验和运动一致性探测范式，探测视觉背侧通路运动加工脑区的神经响应在训练前后的变化，结果发现N1成分的变化具有眼特异性，只有相对强眼((stronger eye)的N1成分在训练后显著下降了。通过稳态视觉诱发电位脑电实验和红绿光栅双眼竞争范式，探测视觉腹侧通路初级区域的神经信号在训练前后如何变化，结果显示两眼的标记频率信号强度没有明显变化。这些初步探索的结果提示，基于长时程适应更改现实的方法对眼优势的调节会影响视觉背侧通路运动加工区域的神经活动。 综上，研究一提示对于两眼极端不平衡人群，长时程适应更改现实能够降低反映眼间抑制作用的交互调制频率成分的信号幅度。研究二发现，对于两眼相对不平衡人群，视觉背侧通路中对运动刺激敏感的神经信号，在经过训练后相对强眼的响应幅度减弱。这些发现从视觉系统早期视觉皮层的眼间去抑制机制和高级层级背侧通路的运动加工神经响应这两个方面提供了调节成年人眼优势的实验证据，补充了对长时程适应更改现实神经机制的理解。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46155]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杜欣欣. 长时程适应更改现实调节眼优势的神经机制[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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