情绪性间接回应理解的认知神经机制
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 郭新宇
|
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 杨玉芳 |
| 关键词 | 间接回应 情绪 社会动机 隐含意义 ERP |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 基础心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Cognitive Neural Mechanism of Emotional Indirect Language Comprehension |
| 中文摘要 | Indirect reply refers to the utterance with its intented meaning conveyed implicitly in a conversational situation. Psycholinguistics theories and studies on the understanding of indirect reply have mainly focused on indirect speech and the influence of various factors, specifically the differences between indirect and direct replies and why they are different. The results in this area generally reveal the complexity of understanding indirect replies, that is, compared to direct replies, indirect replies may involve additional reasoning processes. Furthermore the indirect reply comprehension could be constrained by different contexts or clues, such as the emotion and the relation between interlocutors. How the different types of indirected replys are understand, and how the understanding processes are constrained by contextual situation, are the main concerns of the dissertation. Based on previous literature, we can find that emotional indirect reply is different from direct reply on various levels. First, the meaning conveyed by indirect reply is different from its literal meaning, and may have some implicit emotions compared with the direct reply. Furthermore, the expression of this implicit meaning is always motivated by certain social motivations (such as maintaining face). When exploring the cognitive neural mechanism of indirect reply understanding, there exist problems in previous studies. First, previous studies did not distinguish emotional and non emotional indirect replies and separate emotional from informative meaning, but simplly compared emotional indirect replies with neutral direct replies. Second, previous studies did not distinguish indirect replies with and without certain social motivations. In particular, some emotional indirect replys convey emotional information and contain certain social motivations (such as face maintenance), while the informative indirect replies does not. Then what are the cognitive mechanisms for understanding the social motivations? The purpose of this study is to investigate the cognitive neural mechanisms of understanding emotional indirect reply, especially considering the emotion and social motivation factors. These questions are examined in two studies. Study 1 examined the time course of implicit emotional information understanding of indirect replies under different conditions through two experiments: Experiment 1 explored the understanding of implicit emotional information under dialogue conditions. The results showed that implicit emotional information can only be obtained in the late stage, indicating that it is a relatively complex process, may require more pragmatic infreence. Experiment 2 examined the effect of the valence of emotional faces on the understanding of emotional indirect replys. It was found that emotional coherence effect plays an important role in pragmatic processing, and coherent emotional faces can promote the comprehension of indirect replies. The results of study 1 showed that the understanding of implicit emotional meaning is relatively complex, and the understanding processes can be constrained dynamically by the context. Study 2 examined the understanding of social motivation implied in emotional indirect resplies under different conditions through two experiments: Experiment 3 investigated the time course and cognitive mechanism of social motivation (face maintenance) understanding in the condition of simple dialogue. Social motivation was manipulated by setting one negative indirect reply intended for face maintenance and another for emphasizing information. The results showed that understanding social motivation of face maintenance is a relatively complex and more difficult pragmatic process. Experiment 4 further examined the effect of social status on the understanding of social motivation, by setting interlocutors in a dialoge with equal or different social status. The results showed that social status can affect the understanding of social motivation (face maintenance). Specifically, compared with low status, high social status promoted the understanding of social motivation, indicated by relatively early processing stage, the reduction of alpha-band energy and the continuous ERP effect. And the effect of social motivation only appears in the lower social status condition, and compared with the non contextual condition in Experiment 3, both high and low social status promoted the understanding of indirect response. Experiment 4 showed that high social status promotes the understanding of motivations, and makes the emotional indirect replies more complex. The results of study 2 showed that the understanding of social motivation (face maintenance) is a relatively complex pragmatic process In sum, this study showed that the emotion and social motivation affect the understanding of indirect replies, which makes the processing processes more difficult and complex; and that emotional faces and social status, as contextual information, could modulate the understanding processes. |
| 英文摘要 | 间接回应是指说话者用隐含的方式表达自己的真实含义。在心理语言学中，以往的理论和研究都集中探究间接回应的理解机制和不同因素的作用，考察间接回应相较于直接回应有哪些不同及其原因。这方面研究的结果模式虽然不尽相同，但总体上反映了间接回应理解相对于直接回应涉及额外的推理过程，可能需要更多的加工时间。并且间接回应的理解机制受到语境或线索的制约，适当语境和线索可以促进其理解。 当间接回应的隐含含义包含一定的情绪信息时，可以称之为情绪性间接回应。综合以往文献可以发现，情绪性间接回应相较于直接回应在很多方面存在差异。首先是在隐含意义方面，情绪性间接回应隐含着深层情绪意义，所传递的意义不同于其本身的字面义。进一步的，这种深层情绪意义的表达背后具有一定的社会动机(如维护面子)。在探究情绪性间接回应理解的认知神经机制时，以往的研究没有将间接回应与直接回应在这两方面的差异加以明确区分，而是笼统的解释为直接和间接回应之间的差异。因此，不能很好的说明情绪性间接回应理解的认知神经机制。我们通过两个研究探讨人们如何加工间接回应中的情绪信息和社会动机。 研究一通过两个EEG实验，考察对话中情绪性间接回应隐含的情绪信息理解的时间进程。实验一通过比较中性间接回应和情绪性间接回应，考察简单对话条件下隐含情绪信息理解的时间进程。结果显示，与直接回应和信息性间接回应相比，隐含情绪意义在晚期才能获得理解，可能需要语用推理来建构和更新情景模型。实验二通过设置中性和负性面孔，考察了语境对情绪性间接回应理解的影响。结果显示，情绪一致性效应在语用加工中起着重要作用，即情绪效价一致时，情绪面孔可以促进间接回应的理解。这些结果表明，隐含情绪意义的理解涉及晚期的精细加工或再分析来进行语用推理，同时其理解过程会受到语境情绪性的限制而动态变化。 研究二通过两个EEG实验考察情绪性间接回应中社会动机理解的时间进程。实验三考察简单对话条件下对维护面子的社会动机的理解，通过设置维护面子的负性间接回应和传递信息的负性间接回应，探讨理解负性间接回应的社会动机的时间进程。结果显示，对维护面子的社会动机的理解涉及更多的精细加工或再分析过程。实验四进一步通过设置高社会地位和平等社会地位两种条件，考察不同社会地位的语境对社会动机理解的影响。结果显示社会地位可以影响社会动机(维护面子)的理解，高社会地位促进了对维护面子间接回应的理解，但使得与面子无关的间接回应的理解更复杂，并且维护面子的社会动机的作用只出现在低社会地位的情况下。这些结果表明，对社会动机的理解需要晚期的精细加工来更新和建构情景模型，但会受到社会语境的限制。 总之，本研究的结果揭示出情绪性间接回应中情绪和社会动机的理解需要付出更多努力建构和更新情景模型，涉及更多的精细加工或再分析过程来进行语用推理。同时，这种认知机制又会受到外部语境通过不同机制进行调节，在适当语境下得到易化。但情绪和社会动机理解的认知机制也存在一定差异，情绪意义的理解在不同语境条件下间接回应中广泛存在，而对维护面子的社会动机的理解则则只在特定条件下才会表现出来。我们的研究从情绪性和社会动机两方面进一步深化了对情绪性间接回应理解机制的认识，丰富和拓展了限制一满足模型。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46156]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 郭新宇. 情绪性间接回应理解的认知神经机制[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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