空间事件依赖的时间知觉研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 韩文浩
|
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 张弢 |
| 关键词 | 时间知觉 事件 事件密度 生物运动 时间消耗模型 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | A study on the time percention affected by spatial events |
| 中文摘要 | Accurate time estimation is crucial when people recognize the motion state of objects in the environment or plan their own motion, but so far no brain structure has been found that specifically processes time information, and individual perception of time is also influenced by various factors, so objective time cannot be represented accurately. Currently, there are many theoretical models that explain the brain's processing mechanisms of time perception, but there is a lack of research that gives a unified explanation from the perspective of brain neural network information processing. Given that most of the information individuals encounter in daily life is visual motion information, this study aims to explore the effect of 2-3s time intervals on individual time perception using simple or complex visual motion stimulation and to improve the current time perception model. This study designed a new duration discrimination task based on illusory motion perception and used experimental methods from psychophysics to study: (1) the key visual event attributes that affect time perception; (2) the effect of event density on time perception; (3) the effect of time and space information integration on time perception; (4) the effect of shape and direction features of biological motion on time perception. The current results show that: (1) spatial position is a key event attribute affecting time perception; (2) event density is closely related to time perception, whether simple or complex visual motion patterns are presented, increasing event density will cause the time perception to lengthen, and this rule remains effective under conscious level; (3) under the same event density conditions, the number of time and space information integrations affects time perception, the more integrations, the shorter the perceived time; (4) the shape features of biological motion affect time perception, and the greater the degree of destruction of spatial and temporal information, the shorter the perceived time. However, the direction of biological movement does not affect time perception; (5) Propose a new model of temporal perception. We know that the projection from the retina to the visual cortex is strictly topological, meaning that the relative position of the receiving information is maintained, and the neural network representation of visual motion information is achieved by delaying the integration of a series of spatial position information in the time dimension. Our research results indicate from multiple perspectives that time perception is closely related to the specific processing mechanisms of stimulus information in the brain's neural network. The individual's perceived time is not only related to the number of activated neurons, but also to the level of information processing. The more activated neurons, the longer the perceived time length, while the integration of spatial-temporal information shortens the perceived time. Based on the summary of our research results and by drawing on various theoretical models of time perception and existing neuroscientific evidence, this paper proposes a time perception model that conforms to the brain's information processing mechanism一the time consumption model. On the one hand, this model can explain multiple current experimental results, and on the other hand, it explains the possible time perception processing process from the perspective of neural circuits, providing a more specific approach to understanding the neural mechanisms of time perception. |
| 英文摘要 | 在人们识别外界物体的运动状态或自身运动规划时，精确的时间估计十分重要，但是迄今为止并未发现生物体有专门加工时间信息的脑结构，个体对时间的感知也受到多种因素的影响，因此并不能精确表征客观时间。目前，已经有多种解释时间知觉脑加工机制的理论模型，但尚缺乏能从脑神经网络信息加工角度对时间知觉给出统一解释的研究。考虑到个体在日常生活中接触到的信息多数为视觉运动信息，因此本研究采用简单或复杂视觉运动模式刺激探究个体对2~3s时距知觉的影响，并对当前的时间知觉模型进行改进。 本研究设计了一种新的基于似动视知觉的持续时间辨别任务，以心理物理学的实验方法研究了:(1)影响时间知觉的关键视觉事件属性;(2)事件密度对时间知觉的影响;(3)时空信息整合对时间知觉的影响;(4)生物运动形状特征和行进方向特征对时间知觉的影响。当前结果发现:(1)空间位置是影响时间知觉的关键事件属性;(2)事件密度与时间知觉密切相关，无论呈现简单视觉运动模式还是复杂视觉运动模式，增加事件密度都会导致时间知觉变长，且该规律在意识下水平依然有效;(3)同等事件密度条件下，时空信息整合次数影响时间知觉，时空信息整合次数越多知觉到的时间长度越短;(4)生物运动形状特征影响时间知觉，对空间和时间信息破坏程度越大则知觉到的时间越短，而生物运动行进方向特征不影响时间知觉;(5)提出一种新的时间知觉模型。 我们知道从视网膜到视皮层的投射是严格的遵守拓扑投射关系的，即保持接收信息的空间相对位置不变，而视觉运动信息的神经网络表征则是通过将一系列空间位置信息在时间维度上进行延迟整合来实现的。我们的研究结果从多个角度表明时间知觉与刺激信息在脑神经网络中的具体加工机制有着紧密联系，个体知觉到的时间不仅与激活的神经元数量有关，而且与信息加工的层级有关，激活的神经元数量越多可以延长知觉到的时间长度，而时空信息整合使得知觉到的时间缩短。本文通过借鉴时间知觉的多种理论模型及神经科学现有的实验证据，在总结本研究结果的基础上提出一种符合脑信息加工机制的时间知觉模型一一时间消耗模型，一方面该模型能够解释当前的多个实验结果，另一方面从神经环路角度解释了可能的时间知觉加工过程，为理解时间知觉的神经机制提供了更加具体的思路。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46157]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 韩文浩. 空间事件依赖的时间知觉研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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