汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的视听跨通道注意转移能力研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘梦连 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 毕鸿燕 |
| 关键词 | 发展性阅读障碍 汉语 视听跨通道注意转移 脑电 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Research on shifting attention between auditory and visual modalities in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia |
| 中文摘要 | Reading requires the combination of vision and audition, which builds the connection between grapheme and phoneme. It has been found that developmental dyslexia(DD) exhibits the deficit of attentional shift. Audiovisual attention shift has been related to the integration of phoneme and grapheme. However, only a few studies have examined the deficit of audiovisual attention shift of DD in the context of alphabetic writings. These studies have found that DD show a cross-modal attention shift when the task requires the attention shift from vision to audition. The authors speculated that the deficit may be related to the disability of auditory processing in DD. There are many differences between Chinese and alphabetic writing systems. For example, one Chinese character corresponds to one syllable, and there are no obvious rules for the correspondence of characters and syllables. Do Chinese readers with DD exhibit the similar deficits of audiovisual attention shift with DD in alphabetic writing systems? However, there is no study exploring the ability of attention shift between vision and audition as well as the relationship with the ability of visual and auditory processing in Chinese with DD. In addition, cross-modal attention shift can be divided into exogenous and endogenous attention. Exogenous attention, which is also called involuntary or stimulus-driven attention, can be triggered reflexively by a salient sensory event in the external world. In contrast, endogenous attention is also called voluntary or goal-driven attention and involves a more purposeful and effort intensive orienting process. They have the different cognitive and neural mechanisms. However, previous studies have not divided the exogenous and endogenous attention when exploring the ability of audiovisual attention shift in DD. Therefore, the ability of audiovisual attention shift for DD should be further carried out in exogenous and endogenous aspects. By using meta-analysis, behavioral experiments and electroencephalogram, this study aimed to explore the audiovisual attention shift in Chinese children with DD from the perspective of exogenous and endogenous aspects. The results show that: (1) The meta-analysis show that in the context of alphabetic languages, the deficit of auditory attention shift of DD is more obvious than that of visual attention shift. Combined with the previous research on audiovisual attention shift in DD, the deficit of audiovisual attention shift in DD may be related to the disability of auditory attention shift. (2) Under the exogenous task, behavioral results found that Chinese children with DD performed worse in audiovisual attention shift. They showed a deficit when asked to shift attention from audition to vision. This indicates that there is a cross-modal attention shift deficit from audition to vision in Chinese children with DD. The results of EEG also showed a deficit of audiovisual attention shift. There are significant differences between cross-modal condition and amodal condition in amplitude of N1 in typical children. However, these significant difference disappeared in children with RD. The a oscillation power of RD in the condition of vision to audition is higher than that in auditory condition. Typical children didn't showed the different a oscillation power between cross-modal and amodal condition. In addition, the study found that the audiovisual attention shift deficit of children with DD was related to the visual and auditory attention attention processing. (3) Under the endogenous task, the behavioral results found that Chinese children with DD did not show the deficit of audiovisual attention shift. The results of EEG showed that there was no significant difference between the amplitude of N1 and P2 component in children with DD and control group. RD showed a higher activity of a oscillation in the visual only condition than that in audition to vision condition. Interestingly, children with DD showed amodal attention processing in endogenous task, which indicated a separate mechanism between endogenous cross-modal attention shift and amodal attention processing. The above results show that Chinese children with DD showed deficit in exogenous audiovisual attention shift rather than in endogenous aspects, which exhibited deficits from vision to audition and audition to vision. Moreover, the deficit of audiovisual attention shift of DD is related to the deficit of visual and auditory processing. Present study fills the gap of the research about cross-modal attention shift in Chinese children with DD. Besides, the study also provides a new approach for the correction of DD in the future, which could improve their reading ability by training their ability of exogenous audiovisual attention shift. |
| 英文摘要 | 阅读需要视觉和听觉系统的共同参与，构建起视觉文字信息与语音信息之间的连接。已有研究发现发展性阅读障碍者(Developmental Dyslexia, DD)存在注意转移的缺陷。视听跨通道注意转移能力与阅读学习中建立词汇的形和音的表征息息相关。但迄今为止，仅有少量研究在拼音文字背景下考察了DD的视听跨通道注意转移能力，这些研究发现DD存在由视觉到听觉的跨通道注意转移缺陷，并推测这种缺陷可能与其听觉注意加工缺陷有关。汉语与拼音文字相比，存在语言特异性，比如汉语是整字到整体音节映射的语言，缺少明显的形音对应规则。那么汉语DD的视听跨通道注意转移能力是否与拼音语言中的DD具有相同表现呢?目前尚未有研究对汉语DD的视听跨通道注意转移能力及其与视觉和听觉单通道注意转移能力的关系进行探查。此外，注意可以分为内源性注意和外源性注意。外源性注意指个体由环境中明显的感觉事件所引起的注意过程。内源性注意指个体有目的性，需要意志努力的注意过程。研究表明这两者可能是独立的注意系统，并且具有不同的认知加工过程和神经机制。因此，DD的外源性和内源J性视听跨通道注意转移能力可能有不同的表现，有必要在区分内外源的前提下探查DD的视听跨通道注意转移能力。但是，已有研究对DD的视听跨通道注意转移能力进行研究时，并没有区分注意转移能力的外源性和内源性。 本研究首先使用元分析方法分析了DD的视、听单通道注意转移能力，以探究DD的单通道注意转移能力与跨通道注意转移能力的关系。接下来，在行为实验和脑电实验中，从外源性注意和内源性注意的角度探查汉语DD的视听跨通道注意转移能力及其与视觉和听觉单通道注意加工能力的关系。结果发现: (1)元分析的结果表明，在拼音文字背景下，DD的听觉注意转移能力缺陷比视觉注意转移缺陷更加明显。基于已有研究的推测，DD存在视觉到听觉的跨通道注意转移缺陷可能与其听觉单通道的注意转移缺陷有关。 (2)在外源性任务下，行为实验结果发现，汉语DD儿童的视听跨通道注意转移表现得更差，并且只在听觉到视觉跨通道注意转移(A-V)的条件下才表现得更差。这说明汉语DD儿童存在听觉到视觉的跨通道注意转移缺陷。脑电实验结果表明阅读困难儿童在视觉到听觉(V-A)和听觉到视觉(A-V)跨通道条件均存在注意转移缺陷。正常儿童的N1波幅在跨通道条件和单通道条件下存在显著差异，而阅读困难儿童的N1波幅在跨通道条件和单通道条件下没有显著差异。此外，阅读困难儿童在V-A条件下a振荡的功率大于听觉单通道条件，但正常儿童不存在这两种条件间的差异。并且，研究结果发现DD儿童的视听跨通道注意转移缺陷与其视觉和听觉单通道注意加工缺陷有关。 (3)在内源性任务下，行为层面的研究发现，汉语DD儿童没有表现出视听跨通道注意转移缺陷。脑电的结果表明阅读困难儿童在N1成分，P2成分的波幅与同年龄对照组儿童不存在显著的组间差异。阅读困难儿童的a振荡的活动在视觉单通道条件下显著大于听觉到视觉条件，CA组儿童则不存在这种差异。有趣的是，在内源性任务下，阅读困难儿童的单通道注意转移仍然存在缺陷。说明在内源性任务中，跨通道注意转移与单通道注意转移可能具有不同的机制。 以上结果表明汉语DD儿童存在外源性视听跨通道注意转移缺陷，但其内源性视听跨通道注意转移能力与CA组儿童不存在差异。汉语DD儿童在视觉到听觉以及听觉到视觉都存在跨通道注意转移缺陷，并且与其视觉和听觉单通道注意加工缺陷有关。本研究弥补了汉语DD儿童视听跨通道注意转移研究的空白，为今后DD的矫治提供了新的思路，即可以通过训练DD的外源性视听跨通道注意转移能力提高其阅读能力。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46179]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘梦连. 汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的视听跨通道注意转移能力研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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