刺激冲突和反应冲突加工中认知控制的一般性和特异性机制
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 许红慧 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 刘勋 |
| 关键词 | 认知控制 一般性/特异性 刺激冲突 反应冲突 Theta |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | Generalized and sbecific mechanisms of cognitive control in the processing of stimulus conflict and response conflict |
| 中文摘要 | Cognitive control is an advanced cognitive function that monitors and resolves conflict, thus helping us accomplish goal-directed behavior. An important question is whether the mechanisms of cognitive control are domain-general or domain-specific. Previous studies have extensively investigated the generality/specificity of cognitive control by using stimulus conflict and response conflict types, but the conclusions are not consistent. For this issue, some researchers suggested that conflict similarity might be an important factor that influenced the generality/specificity of cognitive control, but parametrical empirical studies were lacking. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of conflict similarity on the generality/specificity of cognitive control. In addition, from the division of processing stages, Stroop conflict contains stimulus conflict and response conflict processing stages. Previous studies have mainly used unimodal visual stimuli to investigate the generality/specificity of cognitive control in stimulus conflict and response conflict processing stages. However, under the unimodal condition, the comparison of stimulus conflict and response conflict processing, was confounded with different processing mechanisms of attention to the same/different objects. In contrast, the using of cross-modal audiovisual stimuli has an advantage on this aspect. So far, it remains unclear whether generality/specificity of cognitive control is involved in cross-modal semantic conflict and response conflict processing. Therefore, whether generality or specificity mechanisms of cognitive control are involved in stimulus conflict and response conflict processing, is another question to be explored in this study. This study explored the generality/specificity of cognitive control in the processing of stimulus conflict and response conflict, from two aspects of stimulus conflict and response conflict types, and of cross-modal semantic conflict and response conflict processing stages, respectively. Two studies were included. Study 1 (Experiments 1-3) explored the generality/specificity of cognitive control between stimulus conflict and response conflict types. In the experiment 1，We added a compound condition which contains two conflict types to the classical Simon-Stroop paradigm. In the experiments 2 and 3, the polar angle and the Euclidean distance of the target arrow were parametrically manipulated to change the size of conflict similarity, respectively. We used congruency sequence effect (CSE) to examine the transferability and degree of transferability of cognitive control. Results found that the conflict similarity positively modulated the magnitudes of cross-conflict CSE. The results indicating that cognitive control was not generality or specificity (all or none), and conflict similarity affected the degree of transferability of cognitive control, which supported the integrative learning account of cognitive control. Study 2 (experiments 4-6) used the audiovisual 2-1 mapping Stroop paradigm to investigate the generality/specificity of cognitive control in the processing stages of stimulus conflict and response conflict. In the Experiment 4, we examined the interactions between Stroop stimulus conflict, response conflict and Simon conflict in the same task. Results showed that there were no interactions between Stroop semantic conflict, response conflict and Simon conflict, indicating that different processing stages of Stroop and Simon were processed independently. In the Experiment 5, we manipulated the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between auditory and visual stimuli, to investigate whether same or different theta oscillation mechanisms were involved in cross-modal stimulus conflict and response conflict processing, by using behavioral oscillatory analyses method. Results showed that in the auditory task, theta oscillation was only found in response conflict, while in the visual task, theta oscillation was only found in stimulus conflict. In the Experiment 6, we used EEG to investigate whether same or different time courses and neural oscillations were involved in stimulus conflict and response conflict processing. Results showed that, in the auditory task, stimulus conflict enhanced frontal-central N450 amplitude, and both the stimulus conflict and response conflict reduced the amplitude of parietal P3; in the visual task, stimulus conflict enhanced the frontal N2 amplitude, while response conflict enhanced posterior parietal N450 amplitude. In addition, in the auditory task, response conflict enhanced theta power over the medial prefrontal cortex (MFC), and the resolution of response conflict was accompanied by enhanced theta phase synchronization between the MFC and lateral frontal areas, as well as the motor area; in the visual task, stimulus conflict enhanced theta power over MFC. These results indicated that the conflict monitoring mechanisms of cross-modal stimulus conflict and response conflict were specific (frontal-central/posterior parietal N450, N2), and stimulus conflict and response conflict had both the same (P3) and different (theta phase synchronization between brain areas) conflict resolution mechanisms. In addition, the neural findings of the theta oscillations over MFC verified the results of the behavioral oscillation. Both found theta oscillations of stimulus conflict and response conflict were specific, and the stage which theta oscillation occurred was influenced by the processing modal of task-relevant stimuli. In conclusion, this study found that the generality/specificity of cognitive control was not absolute: at the behavioral level, the generality/specificity of cognitive control was influenced by the similarity between stimulus conflict and response conflict; at the neural level, the conflict monitoring process of cognitive control was specific, while the conflict resolution process had both general and specific mechanisms. These findings extended the generality/specificity theory of cognitive control. |
| 英文摘要 | 认知控制是一种高级的认知功能，能够对冲突进行监测和解决，从而帮助我们完成目标导向的行为。认知控制具有一般性还是特异性是一个重要研究问题。前人围绕刺激冲突和反应冲突类型间认知控制的一般性/特异性进行了大量研究，但得到的结论不一致。对此，一些研究者提出冲突间相似性可能是影响认知控制一般性/特异性的一个重要因素，但缺乏参数化的实证研究。因此，本研究探究冲突间相似性对认知控制一般性/特异性的影响。 此外，从加工阶段上划分，Stroop冲突包含刺激冲突和反应冲突加工阶段。前人主要使用单通道视觉刺激，探究刺激冲突和反应冲突加工阶段中认知控制的一般性/特异性。然而，单通道条件下刺激冲突和反应冲突加工阶段的比较，混淆有注意对相同/不同客体加工的影响。相比之下，跨通道视听刺激在这一方面具有优势。目前，跨通道刺激冲突和反应冲突加工阶段涉及的认知控制具有一般性还是特异性尚不明确。因此，认知控制在跨通道刺激冲突和反应冲突加工阶段中具有一般性还是特异性，是本研究需要探究的另一问题。 本研究分别从刺激冲突和反应冲突类型和跨通道刺激冲突和反应冲突加工段两个方面，探究刺激冲突和反应冲突加工中认知控制的一般性/特异性。具体分为两个研究来完成。 研究一(实验1-3 )探究刺激冲突和反应冲突类型间认知控制的一般性/特异性。实验1，我们在经典的Simon-Stroop范式基础上，添加了包含两种冲突的混合条件。实验2和实验3分别通过改变目标箭头的极坐标角度和欧式距离，参数化地操纵冲突相似性大小。我们采用一致性序列效应(congruency sequence effect, CSE)来检验认知控制的可迁移性和程度。结果发现冲突相似性正向调制冲突间CSE大小。说明认知控制不是二分的一般性或特异性(全或无)，冲突间相似性影响认知控制的可迁移性程度，支持认知控制的联结学习理论。 研究二(实验4-6 )采用视听2-1映射Stroop范式，探究刺激冲突和反应冲突加工阶段中认知控制的一般性/特异性。实验4在同一任务中考察Stroop的刺激冲突和反应冲突与Simon冲突之间的交互作用。结果发现，Stroop的刺激冲突和反应冲突与Simon冲突之间没有交互作用，说明Stroop的不同加工阶段冲突与Simon冲突的加工相互独立。实验5通过操控视听刺激呈现的SOA，利用行为振荡分析方法探究跨通道刺激冲突和反应冲突的theta振荡机制是否相同。 结果表明，听觉任务中，theta振荡只存在于反应冲突;视觉任务中，theta振荡只存在于刺激冲突。实验6通过脑电技术，探究刺激冲突和反应冲突在时间加工进程和神经振荡机制上的加工机制是否相同。结果发现，听觉任务中刺激冲突显著增强了额中N450幅值，刺激冲突和反应冲突都降低了顶部P3幅值;视觉任务中刺激冲突显著增强前额N2幅值，反应冲突则增强了后顶部N450幅值。此外，听觉任务中反应冲突增强了额中theta能量，并且反应冲突的解决伴随着额中区与外侧额叶和运动区之间theta相位同步性的增强;视觉任务中刺激冲突增强了额中theta能量。这些结果表明跨通道刺激冲突和反应冲突的冲突监测具有特异性(中顶部和后顶部的N450, N2 )，刺激冲突和反应冲突既有相同(P3),也有不同的冲突解决机制(脑区间theta相位同步性)。此外，神经上发现的额中theta振荡结果验证了行为振荡的结果，都发现了跨通道刺激冲突和反应冲突的theta振荡机制具有特异性，theta振荡的发生阶段依赖于通道。 综上，本研究发现认知控制的一般性/特异性不是绝对的:在行为层面上，认知控制的一般性/特异性受刺激冲突和反应冲突间相似性大小的影响;在神经层面上，认知控制的冲突监测过程具有特异性，而冲突解决过程既存在一般性机制，也存在特异性机制。这些发现扩展了认知控制的一般性/特异性理论。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46215]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 许红慧. 刺激冲突和反应冲突加工中认知控制的一般性和特异性机制[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。