分裂型特质个体的心理时间旅行研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 叶俊延 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 王亚 |
| 关键词 | 心理时间旅行 分裂型特质 自我优势效应 个人目标优势效应 干预 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | Mental Time Travel in Individuals with High Level of Schizotypal Traits |
| 中文摘要 | Mental time travel (MTT) refers to the ability to mentally simulate to re-experience past events (autobiographical memory) or pre-experience possible future events (episodic future thinking). MTT plays a vital adaptive function in daily life, and there are the "self-advantage effect" and the "personal goal-advantage effect" in MTT. The former refers to the stronger phenomenological characteristics of self-related MTT events compared to other-related ones, while the latter refers to the stronger phenomenological characteristics of personal goal-related MTT events than non-personal goal-related ones. However, it remains uncertain whether these effects are affected in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits, and the neural mechanisms underlying MTT in these individuals have yet to be examined. Additionally, previous intervention methods on MTT did not take the "self-advantage effect" or the "personal goal-advantage effect" into consideration. Therefore, we conducted four studies to systematically investigate MTT in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits at both behavioral and neural levels and explore the effect of behavioral intervention for these individuals. Study 1 examined the "self-advantage effect" and resting-state functional connectivity of MTT in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits. The results demonstrated that self-related MTT showed stronger phenomenological characteristics than other-related MTT in the control group, but not in the schizotypal group. Furthermore, compared with control group, the relationship between the "self-advantage effect" and the functional connectivity between the right medial temporal gyros and precuneus, between temporoparietal junction and the left postcentral gyros were altered in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits. These findings suggested that "self-advantage effect" was altered in the schizotypal group, and was closely related to abnormal functional connectivity of the core network. Study 2 delved deeper into the "personal goal-advantage effect" of MTT and its neural mechanisms in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits. The results showed that the specificity of personal goal-related MTT events was diminished in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits, while the specificity of non-personal goal-related events was comparable to the control group. Moreover, we found an abnormal association between the "personal goal-advantage effect" and functional connectivity in the high level of schizotypal group. Compared with the control group, the relationship between the "personal goal-advantage effect" and the functional connectivity between the medial temporal gyros and right supramarginal gyros, between left hippocampus and left insula, between right medial frontal gyros and left frontal pole, between right precuneus and left postcentral gyros, between left hippocampus and right temporal fusiform gyrus, between right medial frontal gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus were altered in the schizotypal group. These findings suggested that the "personal goal-advantage effect" was altered in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits, and were closely related to the abnormal functional connectivity of the core network. Study 3 examined the neural processing of MTT in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits using the MTT imaging paradigm. The results revealed that individuals with high level of schizotypal traits exhibited hypoactivation in bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and the right medial superior frontal gyrus during MTT, decreased activation in the left anterior cingulate gyrus during autobiographical memory, and decreased activation in the left middle frontal gyrus during episodic future thinking. Psychophysiological interaction analyses showed that individuals with high level of schizotypal traits exhibited functional connectivity between left anterior cingulate cortex and right thalamus, between medial frontal gyrus and left cerebellum during MTT, whereas the control group did not exhibit these functional connectivity. These findings suggest that decreased brain activations and altered functional connectivity pattern in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits. In study 4, we developed an intervention protocal that using the best possible self-based episodic future thinking to enhance MTT in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits. The results showed that this intervention effectively enhanced the specificity, sense of experience, scene details, emotional valence, and vividness of MTT in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits. Additionally, the enhancement lasted for up to three months. Further analyses revealed that the enhancement in sense of experience was mainly found in approach goal-related MTT events. The results suggest that the intervention was effective in enhancing the mental time travel ability in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits. In summary, these findings suggest that individuals with high level of schizotypal traits exhibit abnormality in MTT, and deficits in the "self-advantage effect" and "personal goal-advantage effect" were found in these individuals at both behavioral and neural levels. Furthermore, altered neural activation during MTT was identified in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits. Finally, the intervention effectively improved MTT in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits. These findings provide a theoretical and practical basis for understanding MTT in individuals with high level of schizotypal traits and guide the development of future interventions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. |
| 英文摘要 | 心理时间旅行是个体通过心理模拟重新体验过去经历的事件或预先体验未来可能发生事件的能力，包括自传体记忆和未来情景想象，在日常生活中发挥着重要的作用。心理时间旅行具有自我优势效应，即自我相关心理时间旅行事件的表现优于他人相关事件;进一步地，还具有个人目标优势效应，即个人目标相关的心理时间旅行事件的表现优于目标无关事件。研究表明，精神分裂症患者的心理时间旅行存在显著改变。分裂型特质个体与精神分裂症患者有类似症状但尚未达到临床诊断标准，然而，对于分裂型特质个体是否存在心理时间旅行改变以及在自我优势效应和个人目标优势效应上的表现尚不明确。同时，分裂型特质个体心理时间旅行的神经机制仍需进一步探讨。此外，以往心理时间旅行的干预研究并未考虑自我优势效应和个人目标优势效应的影响。因此，本论文将通过四个研究系统考察分裂型特质个体心理时间旅行的行为与神经机制，并探究对分裂型特质个体心理时间旅行进行干预的效果。 研究一采用自我/他人心理时间旅行行为任务和静息态功能磁共振成像的方法，探究分裂型特质个体心理时间旅行的自我优势效应及其神经机制。结果发现，对照组中自我相关事件比他人相关事件更加具体，而分裂型特质个体生成的自我相关事件与他人相关事件在具体性上没有显著差异，即自我优势效应在具体性上减弱。神经机制方面，与对照组相比，分裂型特质个体在颗中回和楔前叶、颗顶联合区和中央后回的静息态功能连接与自我优势效应之间的相关模式改变。以上结果表明分裂型特质个体的自我优势效应减弱，并且与核心网络功能连接的相关模式改变。 研究二采用个人目标心理时间旅行行为任务和静息态功能磁共振成像的方法，探究分裂型特质个体心理时间旅行的个人目标优势效应及其神经机制。结果发现，相较于对照组，分裂型特质个体个人目标相关的心理时间旅行事件的具体性显著降低，但目标无关事件具体性与对照组没有显著差异，即个人目标优势在具体性上减弱。神经机制方面，与对照组相比，分裂型特质个体在右侧颗中回与右侧缘上回、左侧海马与左侧脑岛、左侧额中回与左侧额极、右侧楔前叶与左侧中央后回、左侧海马与右侧梭状回、左侧额中回与右侧缘上回的功能连接与个人目标优势效应存在相关模式改变。以上结果表明分裂型特质个体的个人目标优势效应减弱，并且与核心网络功能连接的相关模式改变。 研究三采用心理时间旅行任务态功能磁共振成像，进一步探究分裂型特质个体心理时间旅行时的脑激活改变。结果发现，相较于对照组，分裂型特质个体在进行心理时间旅行时，双侧前扣带皮层和右内侧额上回激活显著减弱;在自传体记忆条件中，左侧前扣带回激活显著减弱;在未来情景想象条件中，左侧额中回激活显著减弱。生理心理交互分析未发现两组存在显著差异的功能连接，但是两组被试中存在不同的连接模式，分裂型特质个体左侧前扣带回与右侧丘脑，额中回与左侧小脑存在显著连接，而对照组中并未发现类似连接。结果表明，分裂型特质个体心理时间旅行过程的脑激活减弱并表现出不同的连接模式。 研究四通过基于最好可能自我的未来情景想象训练对分裂型特质个体的心理时间旅行能力进行为期一个月的干预。结果发现，基于最好可能自我的未来情景想象干预显著提高了心理时间旅行的具体性、生动性、经历感、场景细节和情绪效价，而且干预效果能够维持到三个月后。进一步分析发现，干预训练对个体追寻目标相关的心理时间旅行事件的经历感的提升更有效。结果表明，干预训练能够有效提升分裂型特质个体心理时间旅行能力。 综上所述，本研究系统考察分裂型特质个体心理时间旅行的行为与神经机制发现分裂型特质个体心理时间旅行存在显著改变，初步揭示了分裂型特质个体心理时间旅行自我优势效应和个人目标优势效应的减弱及其对应的神经机制。并且本研究开发了基于最好可能自我的未来情景想象干预方案，验证了分裂型特质个体心理时间旅行干预的有效性。本研究为今后在临床患者和高风险人群中的早期识别和干预提供了理论和实证基础。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46218]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 叶俊延. 分裂型特质个体的心理时间旅行研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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