大学生人格与创业意向及创业活动的关系研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 李思颖 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 周明洁 |
| 关键词 | 大五人格 创业意向 创业活动 父母创业经历 灵活适应剖面 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理学 |
| 其他题名 | A study on the relationship between personality,entrebreneurial intention and entrepreneurial activity among college students |
| 中文摘要 | In the context of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, how to promote college students' entrepreneurship to stimulate productivity growth and alleviate employment pressure has received widespread attention from society. While entrepreneurial education comes to mind that not all people who have received entrepreneurial education can become entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs as self-employed demand competencies and resources reflected by the individual factors that largely influence career choice preferences. Based on this, we focus on the Big Five perspective to examine what kind of college students are more likely to start a business. The variable-centered perspective emphasizes the role of trait and can be used to analyze the significance of the outcome. The person-centered perspective, on the other hand, treats people as a whole as well as a complete system, identifying which college students with a personality profile are more likely to be potential entrepreneurs. Based on this, this study explores the path of the entrepreneurial process among college students and the moderation effect of parental entrepreneurial exposure. Study 1 used a questionnaire to collect demographic data, Big Five personality data, and entrepreneurial intention data from 2930 college students cross-sectionally. Multilevel linear regression and latent profile analysis (LPA) were used to examine the relationship between Big Five personality and entrepreneurial intention. The results at the variable level showed that extraversion and openness positively predict entrepreneurial intention, and agreeableness was slightly positive to predict entrepreneurial intention. However, conscientiousness and neuroticism did not influence entrepreneurial intention significantly. The results of the big five profile showed that college students in the resilient group (high conscientiousness, high agreeableness, high openness, high extraversion, and low neuroticism (or high emotional stability)) had higher entrepreneurial intentions. Study 2 used a questionnaire to collect 559 valid data longitudinally, including demographic data, Big Five personality at T1，entrepreneurial intention at T2, parental entrepreneurial exposure and entrepreneurial activity at T3. The mediating role of entrepreneurial intention between Big Five personality and entrepreneurial activity and the moderating role of parental entrepreneurial experience was explored. Based on the two perspectives of the Big Five personality, Study 2 included two sub一studies. Study 2a examined the relationship between entrepreneurial intention at the factor level and indicated that entrepreneurial intention played a mediating role between partially Big Five factors and entrepreneurial activity, indicating that entrepreneurial intention plays a mediating role. Parental entrepreneurial exposure moderated the relationships between (i) openness and entrepreneurial intention; (ii) openness and entrepreneurial activity; (iii) extraversion and entrepreneurial intention;(iv) extraversion and entrepreneurial activity; and (v) conscientiousness and entrepreneurial activity. Study2b examined the relationship between entrepreneurial intention at the Big Five profile and entrepreneurial activity, with entrepreneurial intention playing a mediating role. parental entrepreneurial exposure moderated the relationship between (i) the Big Five profile and entrepreneurial intention, and (ii) the Big Five profile and entrepreneurial activity. In addition to this Study, LPA also found a resilient profile in the college student population and that college students with this personality profile had higher entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial activities. Conclusion: This study examined the relationship between the Big Five personality and entrepreneurial process (including entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial activity) from variable-centered and person-centered perspectives. The critical role of openness and extraversion in the development of entrepreneurial intentions was emphasized at the variable level, and the potential Big Five personality type of entrepreneurs was identified at the profile level. The stability of these results was verified across methods. In addition, consistent results were found for both profile and variable perspectives, namely that parental entrepreneurial exposure moderated the path from Big Five personality to entrepreneurial activity among college students, and for individuals whose parents did not have entrepreneurial experience their relevant personality variables impacted entrepreneurial activity through entrepreneurial intention, whereas for individuals whose parents had entrepreneurial experience their relevant personality variables could act directly on the entrepreneurial activity. The study's results examined the development of entrepreneurial intention from the perspective of individual factors and provides a reference for the orientation of personality cultivation and an identification of the potential entrepreneurial profile in entrepreneurship education. |
| 英文摘要 | “双创”背景下，如何促进大学生创业进而刺激生产力增长并缓解就业压力受到了社会的广泛关注。在创业相关的教育活动开展得如火如荼时，一个问题映入了眼帘，即并不是所有接受过创业教育的人都能成为创业者。创业作为一种自由职业对个人因素反映的能力和资源提出了要求，同时个人因素也影响着职业选择的偏好。基于此我们着重从大五人格的视角来考察什么样的大学生更有可能创业。其中以“变量”为中心的视角强调了特质独立的作用，可用于分析单个特质预测作用的显著性。而以“人”为中心的视角将人视为整体以及完整的系统，为识别具备哪种人格类型的大学生更有可能成为潜在创业者提供参考。在此基础上，本研究结合父母创业经历探讨了大学生创业发展的路径，从个体差异的视角分析大学生创业活动的产生。 研究一采用问卷调查法，横向收集了2930名大学生的人口学数据、大五人格数据以及创业意向数据。采用多层线性回归以及潜在剖面分析(LPA)，检验了在因素与剖面两个方面的大五人格与创业意向之间关系。因素视角的结果显示，外向性与开放性能够显著正向预测创业意向，宜人性对创业意向的正向预测作用边缘显著，责任心与神经质对创业意向的预测作用不显著。剖面视角的结果显示，灵活适应组的大学生(表现为高责任心、高宜人性、高外向性、高开放性与低神经质(或高情绪稳定性))有较高的创业意向。 研究二采用问卷调查法，纵向收集了559份有效数据，包括正式测验前的人口学数据，T1时间点的大五人格，T2时间点的创业意向，T3时间点的父母创业经历以及创业活动。探讨了创业意向在大五人格与创业活动之间的中介作用，以及父母创业经历的调节作用。根据大五人格的变量和剖面两个视角，研究二包含了两个子研究。研究二a从因素视角检验了创业意向在大五人格因素与创业活动之间的关系，表明创业意向在外向性、开放性以及责任心三个因素上起到了中介的作用。父母创业经历调节了①开放性与创业意向;②开放性与创业活动;③外向性与创业意向;④外向性与创业活动;⑤责任心与创业活动之间的关系。研究二b从剖面视角检验了创业意向在大五创业人格水平与创业活动之间的关系，表明创业意向起到了中介的作用。父母创业经历调节了①大五创业人格水平与创业意向;②大五创业人格水平与创业活动之间的关系。除此之外研究二b采用潜在剖面分析(LPA)也发现了大学生群体的灵活适应剖面，并且拥有该人格剖面的大学生有较高的创业意向和创业活动。 综上所述，本研究从以“变量”为中心和以“人”为中心的两个视角，考察了大五人格与创业意向以及创业活动之间的关系。在变量水平上强调了开放性和外向性在创业意向的发生发展过程中的重要作用，在剖面上发现了潜在创业者的大五人格类型，即高责任心、高宜人性、高外向性、高开放性与低神经质(或高情绪稳定性)，并跨数据收集方法验证了以上结果的稳定性。除此之外，在剖面和因素两个视角上都发现较为一致的结果，即父母创业经历调节了大学生大五人格到创业活动的路径。对于父母没有创业经历的个体其人格变量需要经由创业意向作用于创业活动;而父母有创业经历的个体其人格变量可以直接作用于创业活动。研究结果从个人因素的角度考察了创业意向的发生发展，为创业教育中大学生的人格培养方向以及人格类型识别提供了参考。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46092]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李思颖. 大学生人格与创业意向及创业活动的关系研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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