情节记忆背景效应的年龄差异及其电生理机制
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 苗竞文
|
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 学士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 李娟 |
| 关键词 | 背景效应 情节记忆 年龄差异 电生理机制 事件相关电位 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Age Difference in Context Effect of Episodic Memory and the Electrophysiological Mechanisms |
| 中文摘要 | Episodic memory refers to people's memory of an event according to the connection between time and space. Episodic memory plays a vital role in maintaining individual experience and accumulating and storing direct experience, which has important value. Context information is an important part of episodic memory, and the distinction between item and context information is not a simple binary relationship. As for the role of context information in episodic memory, context overlap effect (hereinafter referred to as context effect) found that the overlap of context information during encoding and extraction has a certain enhancement effect on the memory of target information. However, previous studies focused on young participants, and there was little evidence on the electrophysiological mechanism behind context effect. However, for the context effect of the elderly, the indicators are not comprehensive and the explanation is not sufficient. For the electrophysiological mechanism behind it, there is no relevant electrophysiological research to provide direct evidence. Whether the context effect has age difference is also unclear; Furthermore, it is not clear whether older adults are mainly dependent on different retrieval patterns of episodic memory than younger adults, and whether the electrophysiological mechanisms that cause the context effect are different. Therefore, in this study, object-context combination pictures were used as stimulus materials to carry out experiments among young and old Chinese participants, and to investigate participants' recognition of objects in new and old contexts. At the same time, ERP (Event-related Potentials) technique was used to record the potentials at the stage of episodic memory extraction. It is expected to explore whether there is a certain age difference in the context effect of episodic memory, and use ERP components to reflect the electrophysiological mechanism of context and age affecting episodic memory extraction. The behavioral results show that context effect has a certain age difference, young and old people get considerable memory benefit from context effect, but also show different response bias; ERP results show that there are different electrophysiological mechanisms behind context effect in old and young people, which represent different episodic memory extraction processes. For young people, context change affects the old/new effect distributed in the top region, and the old/new effect distributed in the top region is greater in the old context of young people. Context change mainly affects the retrieval process of episodic memory based on recall. For the elderly, the old/new effect distributed in the parietal region is small, and the old/new effect distributed in the frontal region is relatively small. Recall is not the process of episodic memory extraction that the elderly mainly rely on, and is not affected by context change. In contrast, the elderly showed a wide distribution of late slow waves, and the late slow waves were affected by context change in the late time window. The elderly in the old context had a greater degree of late slow waves, and the context change mainly affects a kind of episodic memory extraction process based on compensatory shallow perceptual information extraction in the elderly. The results of the combined analysis of behavior and ERP show that there is a significant correlation between the EEG context effect index and the behavioral context effect index of the elderly, which indicates that the ERP index concerned in this study can effectively explain the electrophysiological mechanism behind the context effect, which verifies the reliability of the study. In summary, this study found that context effect has a certain age difference, and both young and old people can benefit from context effect memory while showing different response bias. Event-related potentials revealed different electrophysiological mechanisms of context effect in young and old people, and discovered different episodic memory extraction processes in young and old people affected by context. The results of this study provide more theoretical support and reference for the subsequent research on the context effect of episodic memory, and also reveal the existence of different episodic memory extraction processes between the elderly and the young. The elderly show serious decline in episodic memory with aging, resulting in certain social problems and economic burdens. On this basis, the unique episodic memory extraction methods of the elderly, which are different from those of the young, have unique theoretical and practical significance, and provide greater development space for future research. |
| 英文摘要 | 情节记忆是指人们根据时间和空间的联系对某一事件的记忆，情节记忆在维持个体经验和积累、储存直接经验方面起着至关重要的作用，具有重要的价值。背景信息是情节记忆的重要组成部分，项目和背景信息的区别并不是简单的二元关系。对于背景信息在情节记忆中起到的作用，背景重叠效应(以下简称背景效应)发现，编码和提取时背景信息的重叠对目标信息的记忆有一定的增强作用。然而，先前背景效应研究多集中在年轻被试群体中，且对于其背后的电生理机制，相关证据较少;而对于老年人群体的背景效应，指标不全面，解释不充分，对于其背后的电生理机制，没有相关的电生理研究提供直接的证据;背景效应是否具有年龄差异亦尚不明确;更进一步，老年人是否更主要依赖于与年轻人不同的情节记忆提取方式，造成其背景效应具有不同的电生理机制，亦尚不清楚。 因此本研究以物体一背景组合图片作为刺激材料，在中国的年轻、老年被试中开展实验，考察被试在新旧背景下对物体的再认;同时用ERP ( Event-related Potentials/事件相关电位)技术，记录被试在情节记忆提取阶段的事件相关电位。预计探索情节记忆背景效应是否存在一定的年龄差异，用ERP成分反映背景和年龄影响情节记忆提取的电生理机制。 行为结果显示，背景效应具有一定的年龄差异，年轻人和老年人在从背景效应中获得相当记忆受益的同时体现出了不同的反应偏向;ERP结果显示，老年人和年轻人的背景效应背后具有不同的电生理机制，代表着不同的情节记忆提取过程。对于年轻人，背景变化影响了分布于顶区的新旧效应，年轻人旧背景下有更大的分布于顶区的新旧效应，背景变化主要影响了年轻人基于回想的情节记忆提取过程。对于老年人，分布于顶区的新旧效应较小，分布于额区的新旧效应也相对较小，回想不是老年人主要依赖的情节记忆提取过程，不受背景变化的影响。与之相对的，老年人表现出了广泛分布的后期慢波，且后期慢波在较晚时间窗内受到了背景变化的影响，旧背景下老年人有更大程度的后期慢波，背景变化主要影响的是老年人一种基于补偿性浅层知觉信息提取的情节记忆提取过程。行为和ERP结合分析的结果显示，老年人的脑电背景效应指标和行为背景效应指标之间存在显著的相关性，说明了本研究所关注的ERP指标可以有效的解释背景效应背后的电生理机制，侧面印证了研究的可靠性。 综上所述，本研究发现，背景效应具有一定的年龄差异，年轻人和老年人在都能从背景效应中获得记忆受益的同时体现出了不同的反应偏向。事件相关电位技术揭示了年轻人和老年人背景效应不同的电生理机制，发现了年轻应研究领域提供更多的理论支持和参考，同时也揭示了老年人和年轻人存在不同的情节记忆提取过程。老年人随增龄情节记忆出现严重的衰退，造成了一定的社会问题和经济负担，在此基础上，本研究所发现的老年人区别于年轻人的独特情节记忆提取方式，具有独特的理论和实践意义，为未来的研究提供了更大的发展空间。人和老年人受背景影响的不同的情节记忆提取过程。研究结果，为后续的情节记忆的背景效 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46093]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 苗竞文. 情节记忆背景效应的年龄差异及其电生理机制[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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