自闭特质调节社会性信息唤醒水平
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 陈雅弘
|
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 罗非 |
| 关键词 | 自闭特质 社会注意 社会注意 社交焦虑 社会促进 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | Autistic Traits Moderate Arousal to Social Information |
| 中文摘要 | Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental characterised by impairment in social communication and restricted conditions repetitive behaviors and interests. The key symptom is impaired social communication in which social attention deficit is the foundation of other cognitive deficits. The perspective of the continuum nature of autistic traits distribution suggests that autistic traits are continuously distributed behavioral patterns, with ASD at the higher end of the autistic traits continuum. The general population may also experience symptoms and behavioral manifestations of autism which don't meet the criteria for clinical diagnosis. Autistic traits in this article refer to non clinical autistic traits, which are specific personality traits that are milder but similar in nature to ASD. Arousal models assume that the social impairment of ASD individuals is due to the hyperarousal or hypo-arousal to social information. Among them, the hyperarousal model believes that ASD individuals have a higher arousal to social information, and they regard social information as threatening stimuli, so that they react with anxiety and escape from threats. The hypo-arousal model believes that ASD individuals have a lower arousal to social information and are not interested in social information. There is still a controversy over whether the social deficit of individuals with ASD conforms to the hyperarousal model or the hypo-arousal model. The level of arousal induced by social information is referred as social arousal in this thesis. Individuals with high autistic traits exhibit similar performance in social cognition and social function with ASD patients. Based on the continuum of autistic traits in the population, individuals with high autistic traits may have similarities in their social attention ability and potential arousal mechanisms with ASD patients. At present, there is a lack of sufficient evidence to demonstrate how autistic traits moderate the arousal to social information. This research attempts to compare the social arousal of individuals with different autistic traits in the general population. There are four sub researches. The first sub research screened the suitable tool for measuring autistic traits. From the second sub research to the last sub research, the relationships between autistic traits and social arousal were explored in different contexts, and the ecological validity gradually improved. Firstly, attention is the common foundation of all psychological activities, and the process of attention is accompanied by different levels of arousal. The sub research 2 containing 3 experiments aimed to explore how autistic traits moderate social arousal triggered by attention content. Experiment 1 compared the social attention bias of individuals with different autistic traits. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between autistic traits and social attentional facilitation bias score, that is, the higher the autistic traits, the faster the individual noticed social information; individuals with high autistic traits exhibited attentional alertness. The above results are consistent with the hyperarousal theory. Experiment 2 compared the social attentional blink of individuals with different autistic traits, reflecting that social information occupies cognitive resources of individuals with different autistic traits. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between autistic traits and social attentional blink, and individuals with high autistic traits had significantly higher levels of social attentional blink compared to individuals with low autistic traits, indicating that compared to individuals with low autistic traits, individuals with high autistic traits have more attention resources occupied by social information. These results demonstrate that individuals with high autistic traits not only do not experience a decrease in social information attention processing, but rather more, further supporting the hyperarousal model hypothesis. Experiment 3 aimed to directly test the social arousal level of individuals with different autistic traits through physiological indicators, and measure their pupillary dilation to different social saliency stimuli. The results showed that the higher the autistic traits, the larger the pupillary dilation caused by true faces and virtual faces, and the higher the arousal level. The result supports the hyperarousal theory with the perspective of physiological arousal. Secondly, social information may not only appear as attentional content, but may also affect people's arousal as an attentional background. The sub research 3 aimed to examine how autistic traits moderate social arousal caused by attention background using the paradigm of social facilitation. It included one experiment (Experiment 4). The results showed that the condition of whether anyone presence and task difficulty had significant impacts on both subjective and physiological arousal, and autistic traits were not significantly correlated with arousal under different attentional backgrounds. The results indicate that individuals with high autistic traits have similar arousal to individuals with low autistic traits in social attention background, and do not support the hypo-arousal theory. Finally, in order to further enhance the ecological validity of the research, sub research 4 examined the relationship between autistic traits and social arousal triggered by realistic interactive scenes. There are two parts. Part 1 was to make a social arousal questionnaire. The questionnaire had good reliability and validity, and the score of autistic traits was significantly positively correlated with social arousal's score, which again verified the theory of hyperarousal. Then, Experiment 5 explored the relationship between autistic traits and arousal induced by social activities. The results showed that social activities affected the arousal, and the arousal of individuals with different autistic traits caused by social activities were similar, which again proved that the social motivation of individuals with high autistic traits has not decreased, and the social arousal will also increase significantly in the social activities. To sum up, it can be concluded that high autistic traits don't lead to the reduction of social attention and social arousal. On the contrary, individuals with high autistic traits even show higher social arousal than individuals with low autistic traits under some paradigms. The research will help us to understand how autistic traits moderate the arousal when individuals process social information, and also help us to reduce the stigmatization of people with high autistic traits. At the same time, it also provides a theoretical basis for the adoption of intervention measures to alleviate the social anxiety of individuals with high autistic traits and improve their social adaptability. It should be noted that the purpose of this research is to explore how autistic traits moderate social arousal in the general population, rather than in ASD individuals. Although the concept of autistic traits comes from ASD, there is currently insufficient understanding of the similarities and differences between them. Therefore, we still need to be cautious about whether the results of this research can be transferred to ASD, and researches comparing high autistic traits and ASD are needed before reaching a conclusion. |
| 英文摘要 | 自闭症谱系障碍(Autism spectrum disorders } ASD)是一种神经发育障碍，其核心症状包括社会交往障碍和受限、重复性行为、兴趣或活动模式。社会交往障是第一症状，其中，社会注意缺陷是其他认知缺陷的基础。自闭特质连续性观点认为，自闭特质是一种连续分布行为模式，ASD处于自闭特质连续体较高端，普通人群也会出现自闭症症状行为表现，但未达临床诊断的标准。本文自闭特质指非临床自闭特质，即更温和但性质上类似自闭症的特定人格特质。 唤醒模型假说认为，ASD个体的社会注意缺陷由对社会性信息唤醒水平异常造成。其中，高唤醒模型认为ASD个体对社会性信息唤醒水平过高，将社会性信息当作威胁性刺激，引发了焦虑和逃避威胁反应。低唤醒模型认为ASD个体社会性信息唤醒水平过低，导致对社会性信息不敏感，难以注意到社会性信息。ASD个体社会注意缺陷符合高唤醒模型还是低唤醒模型还存在很大争议。本研究将由社会性信息引发的唤醒水平称为社会唤醒。 高自闭特质个体在社会认知和社会功能方面表现与ASD相似。基于自闭特质人群分布的连续性，高自闭特质个体对社会性信息的唤醒水平可能也与ASD相似。目前，尚缺乏足够证据证明自闭特质如何调节社会性信息唤醒水平。本研究将试图比较普通人群不同自闭特质个体的社会唤醒。 本论文包含四个子研究。研究一筛选适合本研究的自闭特质测量工具，检验了自闭特质和社会功能的关系。研究二到研究四，从不同情境探索了自闭特质和社会唤醒的关系，生态效度逐步提高。首先，注意是一切心理活动的共同基础，注意过程伴随不同唤醒水平。纷繁复杂的信息会作为注意内容影响人们的唤醒水平。研究二旨在探讨自闭特质对注意内容引发的社会唤醒的调节，包含三个实验。实验一比较不同自闭特质个体社会注意偏向。结果表明，自闭特质与社会注意促进得分显著正相关，高自闭特质个体表现出注意警觉。以上结果符合高唤醒模型假说。实验二比较不同自闭特质者的社会注意瞬脱，反映社会性信息占用不同自闭特质个体认知资源。结果显示，自闭特质与社会注意瞬脱量显著正相关，高自闭特质者社会注意瞬脱量显著高于低自闭特质者。这说明相较于低自闭特质者，高自闭特质者的认知资源更多被社会性信息占用。这些结果证明，高自闭特质个体社会性信息注意加工不仅没减少，反而更多，进一步支持高唤醒模型假说。实验三旨在通过生理指标直接检验不同自闭特质个体社会唤醒水平，测量其对不同社会突显性刺激的瞳孔扩张反应。结果显示，当观看真实面孔和虚拟面孔时，自闭特质越高者，瞳孔扩张量越大，且高自闭特质组的瞳孔变化量大于低自闭特质组。该结果从生理唤醒角度支持高唤醒模型假说。 其次，社会性信息不仅会作为注意内容出现，还可能作为注意背景影响人们的唤醒水平。研究三(实验四)采用社会促进范式，考察了自闭特质调节注意背景引发的社会唤醒。结果显示，有无他人在场和任务难度对主观唤醒和生理唤醒均有显著影响，自闭特质与不同注意背景下的唤醒没有显著相关。这说明，高自闭特质者由社会注意背景引发的唤醒与低自闭特质个体相当，不符合低唤醒模型假说。 最后，为了进一步提高研究的生态效度，研究四考察了自闭特质对现实互动场景引发的社会唤醒的调节。包含两个部分，首先编制社会唤醒问卷。所编问卷信效度良好，且自闭特质问卷得分和社会唤醒问卷得分显著正相关，再次验证了高唤醒理论。其次，实验五采用经验取样法探索自闭特质与社交活动引发的唤醒水平之间的关系。结果显示，社交活动会影响唤醒水平，且不同自闭特质者，社交活动引起的唤醒水平相似。该结果再次证明，高自闭特质者的社会动机没下降，社交过程中社会唤醒也明显升高，该结果不符合低唤醒模型假说。 综上结论，高自闭特质者的社会注意没减少，社会唤醒没降低，相反，高自闭特质者在注意社会性信息时表现出比低自闭特质者更高的社会唤醒水平。本研究有助于更加深入地了解自闭特质如何调节加工社会性信息时引发的唤醒水平，也有助于减少对高自闭特质的污名化;同时，也为干预手段缓解高自闭特质者的社交焦虑提供了理论依据。需要说明的是，本文的研究目的是探索一般人群自闭特质对社会唤醒的调节，而不是研究ASD者的社会唤醒。自闭特质的概念虽从ASD中来，但目前对于二者的异同还未有足够的认识，因此，对于本研究得出的研究结果是否可以迁移到ASD中仍需持谨慎态度，需要对高自闭特质和ASD进行充分比较研究后方可得出结论。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46152]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈雅弘. 自闭特质调节社会性信息唤醒水平[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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