直升机式教养对依赖性人格的影响:始成年自我同一性的作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 李府样 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 周明洁 |
| 关键词 | 直升机式教养 依赖性人格 自我同一性 干预 始成年个体 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The effect of helicobter parenting on dependent personalitv: the role of self-identity in emerging adults |
| 中文摘要 | Over-dependence may lead to dependent personality disorder, which endangers individual development and social progress. For emerging adults, entering college is a critical period of separating from parents and cultivating independence. But in real life, some parents pay too much attention to and interfere with their children's learning and life. The way of upbringing virtually provides fertile soil for children to form dependent personality. Therefore, this study will adopt a cross-sectional study of large samples and a longitudinal study of multiple samples to investigate the impact of helicopter parenting style on the dependent personality of emerging adults in China and the mechanism between them. Moreover, this study will design the plan to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention in reducing individual dependent personality traits by affecting the self-identity of emerging adults. In general, the paper includes four studies. First, the reliability and validity of the Dependent Personality Questionnaire used in China's emerging adults were tested, which laid a measurement foundation for the next step in studying Dependency Personality in China's emerging adults. Second, study one and study two explored the relationship and mediating mechanism between helicopter parenting and dependent personality using large cross一sectional samples and longitudinal data. Furthermore, the last study designed a corresponding research program based on the intervention of self-identity, to decrease the dependence personality tendency of emerging adults. The pilot study tested the reliability and validity of the Dependent Personality Questionnaire. Specifically, the pilot study included 5219 participants' data and 510 retest data. The instruments used for the test include the Dependent Personality Questionnaire, the Ten一Item Personality Inventory, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Mental Health Inventory, the Subjective Well-being, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Through item analysis, structural validity test, criterion validity test and increasing validity test, reliability test and measurement invariance test of the questionnaire, it is found that the questionnaire is a single factor scale with positive and negative wording effects. The questionnaire has acceptable reliability and validity among Chinese emerging individuals. Researchers can use the questionnaire to test and evaluate the level of the dependent personality of Chinese emerging individuals by calculating the total or average score of the questionnaire. Study one explored the relationship between helicopter parenting and dependent personality and its mediating mechanism in a cross-sectional study. Specifically, the cross-sectional data of study one included 4594 participants. The questionnaires tested included the Helicopter parenting questionnaire, the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood, the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status questionnaire, and the Dependent personality questionnaire. Through variable-centered and person-centered analyses such as correlation analysis, mediation analysis, and latent profile analysis, it was found that helicopter parenting is significantly positively correlated with dependent personality. The possibility, instability, identity exploration, and feeling "In-Between" have significant mediating effects between helicopter parenting and dependent personality. In the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status questionnaire, only the diffusion of identity had a significant mediating effect between helicopter parenting and dependent personality. There are significant differences in the scores of helicopter parenting and dependent personality among the five potential categories of emerging adulthood individuals. The self-identity status of the four potential categories shows significant differences in the scores of helicopter parenting and dependent personality, which indirectly reflects the relationship among helicopter parenting, emerging adulthood individual characteristics/self-identity status, and dependent personality. Study two explores the relationship and mediating mechanisms between helicopter parenting and dependent personality in two longitudinal data samples. Specifically, sample 1 included 545 study participants. The questionnaires tested include the Helicopter parenting questionnaire, the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood, and the Dependent personality questionnaire. The participant data of sample 1 was tracked three times, with an interval of one month each time. Through correlation analysis and mediation analysis, it was found that helicopter parenting significantly positively predicted the level of dependent personality. Instability has a significant mediating effect between helicopter parenting and dependent personality. Sample 2 includes 2329 study participants. The questionnaires tested include the Helicopter parenting questionnaire, the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood, the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status questionnaire, and the Dependent personality questionnaire. The participant data of Sample 2 was tracked twice, with an interval of six months. Through correlation analysis and mediation analysis, it was found that helicopter parenting significantly positively predicts a dependent personality. Instability and feeling "In-Between" play a significant mediating role between helicopter parenting and dependent personality. The diffusion of self-identity has a significant mediating effect between helicopter parenting and dependent personality. The results of Study One and Study Two interactively verify the positive relationship between helicopter parenting and dependent personality, as well as the specific and robust mediating mechanism between helicopter parenting and dependent personality, which includes instability, feeling "In-Between", and self-identity diffusion. We designed a program to intervene in self-identity, which changes the level of the dependent personality of individuals based on the self-identity of emerging adults in study 3. Specifically, Study 3 involved a total of 460 participants, including 265 in the intervention group and 195 in the control group. This study designed an intervention plan for emerging adults' self-identity based on the theory of self-identity, previous intervention plans, and the results of Studies 1 and 2. In natural settings, the intervention group was given a weekly, 90-minute intervention course lasting for four weeks, with no intervention in the control group. The intervention group underwent a pre-intervention test (T1), a mid-intervention test (T2) two weeks later, a post-intervention test (T3) four weeks later and a follow-up measurement (T4) one week after the end of the intervention. The control group maintained regular life learning and did not participate in intervention courses, only maintaining questionnaire measurements of the same items as the intervention group. The two groups of measured questionnaires include the Helicopter parenting questionnaire, the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood, the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status questionnaire, and the Dependent personality questionnaire. Through independent sample T-test and repeated measurement analysis of variance, it was found that there was a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in the feeling "In-Between" and the level of self-identity diffusion at the T2 point, and the level of dependent personality between the two groups was marginally significant at the T4 point. This indicates that intervention courses can effectively reduce the level of feeling "In-Between" and self-identity diffusion in emerging adulthood, and intervention courses can effectively reduce the individual's level of a dependent personality. This paper focuses on a series of scientific issues related to the cultivation and development of dependent personality among young adults in real society. It adds to research on family and individual factors that affect the formation of dependent personality among young adults in China, and creatively designs and implements plans to reduce the level of individual dependent personality. To sum up, helicopter parenting can enhance the level of dependent personality among emerging individuals, and helicopter parenting will indirectly enhance the level of dependent personality by increasing the level of instability, feeling "In-Between" and self-identity diffusion. The program based on self-identity intervention can significantly reduce the level of an individual's feeling "In-Between" and self-identity diffusion, and the level of dependent personality. This study provides a new research perspective for the study of dependent personality in emerging adults, filling in the antecedent variables that affect the formation of dependent personality, and has certain theoretical and practical value. |
| 英文摘要 | 过于依赖可能会形成依赖性人格障碍，危害个体的发展以及社会的进步。对于始成年个体来说，步入大学是一个脱离父母，培养独立的关键时期，但现实生活中部分父母过度关注和干预子女学习和生活的教养方式无形中给子女提供了形成依赖性人格的肥沃土壤。因此，本研究将采用大样本的横断面研究、多个样本的纵向追踪研究考察在中国始成年个体中，直升机式教养对始成年个体依赖性人格的影响以及其中间机制，并在探讨机制的基础上，针对中间靶点进行干预方案的设计，考察通过干预始成年自我同一性间接降低始成年个体依赖性人格的可行性和有效性。总的来说，论文包括四个研究，预研究检验《依赖性人格问卷》在中国始成年个体中的信效度，为下一步在中国始成年个体中研究依赖性人格奠定测量基础。研究一利用横断面的大样本数据探究直升机式教养和依赖性人格之间的关系和中间机制。研究二进一步利用纵向追踪的多样本数据探究直升机式教养和依赖性人格之间的关系和中间机制。研究三在研究一和研究二的基础上，设计基于干预自我同一性的研究方案，从而改善始成年个体的依赖性人格水平。 预研究在两份数据中检验《依赖性人格问卷》在中国始成年个体的信效度。具体来说，预研究包含5219份研究参与者数据，以及510份重测数据。施测的问卷包括《依赖性人格问卷》、《大五人格量表》、《病人健康问卷抑郁量表》、 《广泛性焦虑量表》、《感知到的压力问卷》、《生活满意度问卷》、《心理健康问卷》、《主观幸福感》以及《心理韧性量表》。通过对《依赖性人格问卷》进行项目分析、结构效度的检验、问卷效标效度和递增效度的检验、问卷的信度以及问卷跨性别的测量等值性的检验，结果发现《依赖性人格问卷》是一个带有正向和反向措辞效应的单因子量表。该量表在中国始成年个体具有可接受的信效度，后续研究可以使用该量表进行施测，并可以使用计算问卷总分或均值的方式对中国始成年个体的依赖性人格水平进行评估。 研究一在横断面数据中探究直升机式教养和依赖性人格之间的关系以及其中间机制。具体来说，研究一的横断面数据包含4594份研究参与者的数据。施测的问卷包括《直升机式教养问卷》、《始成年个体特征问卷》，《大学生自我同一性状态问卷》，以及《依赖性人格问卷》。通过相关分析、单独的中介分析、并行的中介分析以及潜在剖面分析等以变量为中心和以个体为中心的分析发现，直升机式教养和依赖性人格显著正相关。始成年个体特征中的可能性、不稳定性、身份探索、中间感四个子维度在直升机式教养和依赖性人格之间均有显著的中介作用。自我同一性状态中只有自我同一性扩散在直升机式教养和依赖性人格之间具有显著的中介作用。五种潜在类别的始成年个体特征在直升机式教养和依赖性人格的得分上具有显著的差异，四种潜在类别的自我同一性状态在直升机式教养和依赖性人格的得分上具有显著的差异，从侧面也反映直升机式教养、始成年个体特征/自我同一性状态、依赖性人格之间的一一对应关系。 研究二在两个纵向数据的样本中探究直升机式教养和依赖性人格之间的关系以及其中间机制。具体来说，研究二纵向数据的样本1包含545名研究参与者。施测的问卷包括《直升机式教养问卷》、《始成年个体特征问卷》、《依赖性人格问卷》。样本1的参与者数据一共追踪三次，每次间隔一个月。通过相关分析、单独的中介分析和并行中介分析发现，直升机式教养显著正向预测依赖性人格水平。始成年个体特征中，只有不稳定性维度在直升机式教养和依赖性人格之间具有显著的中介作用。研究二纵向数据的样本2包含2329名研究参与者。施测的问卷包括《直升机式教养问卷》、《始成年个体特征问卷》、《大学生自我同一性状态问卷》、《依赖性人格问卷》。样本2的参与者数据一共追踪两次，两次间隔六个月。通过相关分析、单独的中介分析和并行中介分析发现，直升机式教养显著正向预测依赖性人格。始成年个体特征中，不稳定性和中间感两个子维度在直升机式教养和依赖性人格之间具有显著的中介作用。自我同一性状态问卷中，只有自我同一性扩散在直升机式教养和依赖性人格之间具有显著的中作用。研究一和研究二结果交互验证直升机式教养和依赖性人格之间的正向关系，以及不稳定性、中间感、自我同一性扩散是直升机式教养和依赖性人格之间特异和稳健的中介机制。 研究三设计干预自我同一性的干预方案，探究基于干预自我同一性水平对降低个体依赖性人格水平的效果。具体来说，研究三共有460名研究参与者参与研究，其中干预组265人，空白组195人。本研究依据自我同一性理论、前人干预方案以及研究一和研究二的结果设计始成年自我同一性干预方案。在自然情境下对干预组实行每周一次、每次90分钟，持续四周的干预课程，空白组不做干预。干预组在干预前进行前测(T1)，干预两周后进行中测(T2)，干预四周后进行后测(T3)，所有干预结束一周后进行追踪测量(T4)，一共耗时五周。空白组保持常规生活学习，不进行干预课程的学习，只保持和干预组相同的问卷测量。两组测量的问卷包含《直升机式教养问卷》、《始成年个体特征问卷》、《大学生自我同一性状态问卷》、《依赖性人格问卷》。通过独立样本T检验和重复测量方差分析发现，干预组和空白组个体的中间感、自我同一性扩散维度在T2出现显著差异，两组个体的依赖性人格水平在T4出现边缘显著。这说明干预课程可以有效降低始成年个体的中间感和自我同一性扩散水平，并且干预课程可以有效降低个体的依赖性人格水平。 本论文围绕现实社会中始成年个体依赖性人格的养成以及去养成的科学问题进行了一系列的研究。论文增添影响中国始成年个体依赖性人格形成的家庭因素和个体因素的研究，并开创性地设计和实施了降低个体依赖性人格水平的方案。综上所述，直升机式教养会提高始成年个体的依赖性人格水平，并且直升机式教养会通过提高始成年个体的不稳定性、中间感以及自我同一性扩散的水平间接提高个体的依赖性人格。基于干预自我同一性的方案可以有效降低个体的中间感、自我同一性扩散、以及依赖性人格水平。本研究为始成年个体的依赖性人格研究提供新的研究视角，填补影响依赖性人格形成的前因变量，在理论和实践上均具有一定的价值和意义。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46175]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李府样. 直升机式教养对依赖性人格的影响:始成年自我同一性的作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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