模糊态度而非风险态度影响安全行为
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 李佩威
|
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 饶俪琳 |
| 关键词 | 不确定性 模糊态度 风险态度 安全行为 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Ambiguitv attitude rather than risk attitude affects safet behavior |
| 中文摘要 | Safety issues have caused a large amount of personnel and property losses. Most safety accidents are caused by a lack of individual safety behavior. Uncertainty is a key factor that affects individual safety behavior. However, there is a lot of controversy in existing research on the relationship between uncertainty and safety behavior. Through literature review, we found that a possible reason for the conflicting relationship between uncertainty and safety behavior is that previous studies did not distinguish risk from ambiguity in exploring the relationship between uncertainty and safety behavior. In this study, we distinguished between ambiguity attitude and risk attitude, and explored how individual ambiguity attitude and risk attitude affect safety behavior and the underlying psychological mechanisms. Study 1 consists of two sub-studies, Study la and Study 1b. In Study la, we used a computer-simulated chemical plant operation task to explore how individual risk attitude and ambiguity attitude affect safety behavior and safety performance. Sixty-night college students completed the simulated chemical plant operation task and the risk and ambiguity decision task. The results showed that ambiguity seeking individuals exhibited more safety behavior, while ambiguity aversion individuals exhibited less safety behavior. There was no significant relationship between risk attitude and safety behavior. The conclusion did not change after controlling for demographic variables such as gender, age, and education level. Furthermore, we found that individual ambiguity attitude affected safety behavior and then affect safety performance. Specifically, ambiguity aversion individuals exhibited less safety behavior, and individuals with more safety behavior exhibited worser safety performance. Study 1b, we conducted on-site surveys of 132 employees in the enterprise. Participants completed the risk and ambiguity decision task, and a self-reported measure of safety behavior. The results were the same as in Study la: ambiguity attitude significantly affected safety behavior. Ambiguity seeking individuals exhibited higher safety behavior, while ambiguity aversion individuals exhibited less safety behavior. Risk attitude did not significantly affect safety behavior. The results of both sub一studies indicated that ambiguity attitude rather than risk attitude affect individual safety behavior. Study 2 aimed to explore the underlying psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between individual ambiguity attitude and safety behavior. Sixty-five college students completed the simulated chemical plant operation task, the risk and ambiguity decision task, and self-reported measures of safety motivation, work pressure, and social value orientation. The results showed that ambiguity attitudes have a positive effect on safety performance through a chain mediation of social value orientation and safety behavior. Specifically, ambiguity aversion individuals exhibited lower level of social-interest and individuals with lower level of social-interest are more likely to invest more resources in themselves, resulting in more safety behavior and better safety performance. The mediating roles of safety motivation and work pressure were not significant. This study found that ambiguity attitude, rather than risk attitude, affected individual safety behavior, ambiguity attitude negatively predict safety behavior and safety performance and social value orientation and safety behavior play a chain mediating role between ambiguity attitudes and safety performance. This study contributes to understand how uncertainty affects safety behavior and safety performance, and provides a reference for organizations and managers to develop effective safety strategies. |
| 英文摘要 | 安全问题导致了大量的人员和财产损失。大部分安全事故产生的原因是个体缺乏安全行为。不确定性是影响个体安全行为和安全绩效的关键因素，并且广泛存在于日常生活和工作中。然而，现有研究对于不确定性与安全行为之间的关系存在大量争议。通过文献综述，我们发现导致不确定性与安全行为之间矛盾关系的可能原因是:部分研究在探究不确定性与安全行为的过程中混淆了风险和模糊两种不同的不确定性。在本研究中，我们区分了模糊态度和风险态度，试图探究个体模糊态度和风险态度与安全行为和安全绩效之间的关系，并探讨其背后潜在的心理机制。 研究1由研究la和研究1b两个子研究组成。研究la利用一项计算机模拟的化学工厂操作任务，探索个体的风险态度和模糊态度如何影响安全行为和安全绩效。69名高校大学生完成了模拟化学工厂操作任务和风险与模糊决策任务。在控制了性别、年龄、受教育水平等人口统计学变量后，我们发现个体的模糊态度与安全行为负相关，越模糊厌恶的个体表现出越少的安全行为，安全行为越少其安全绩效越差。风险态度与安全行为和安全绩效不相关。研究1b现场调查了132名企业员工，采用风险与模糊决策任务测量员工的风险态度与模糊态度，并通过量表测量了员工的安全行为，研究结果与研究la相同:模糊态度负向预测安全行为，越模糊厌恶的个体其自我报告的安全行为得分越低。风险态度则不影响安全行为。两个子研究的结果均表明，模糊态度而非风险态度影响个体的安全行为。 研究2旨在探究个体模糊态度与安全行为和安全绩效之间的潜在心理机制。65名高校学生完成了模拟化学工厂操作任务和风险与模糊决策任务，并测量了安全动机、工作压力和社会价值取向。研究结果表明，模糊态度通过社会价值取向和安全行为的链式中介对安全绩效产生正向效应。具体而言，越模糊厌恶的个体表现出越低的亲社会倾向，亲社会倾向越低的个体表现出更多的安全行为，安全绩效更好。安全动机与工作压力的中介作用不显著。 本研究发现模糊态度而非风险态度影响个体安全行为，模糊态度负向预测安全行为与安全绩效，以及社会价值取向与安全行为在模糊态度与安全绩效之间起到链式中介作用成立。本研究为理清不确定性与安全行为之间的关系提供心理学证据，有助于理解不确定性如何影响安全行为与安全绩效，为组织与管理者在工作中降低安全事故、减少人员和经济损失提供科学参考。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46090]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李佩威. 模糊态度而非风险态度影响安全行为[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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