塞酮对职场地位的影响:性别与地位威胁的调节作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 郑阳蕾
|
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 胥遥山 |
| 关键词 | 职场地位 皇酮 地位威肋 声望 支配 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理学 |
| 其他题名 | the Effects of Testosterone on Workplace Status: Moderating Roles of Gender and Status Threat |
| 中文摘要 | The existence of status gaps in various organizations, including the workplace, is a well-known phenomenon. Employee motivation is largely driven by the pursuit of workplace status, which can provide several benefits such as increased happiness, self-esteem, salary, and improved physical and mental health. Workplace status can also help employees mitigate losses during times of adversity. The hierarchical division of influence within an organization based on employee status helps establish order and promotes effective operation. Moreover, status in the workplace is not stable, so both relative stable and fluctuating status area matter of concern. Therefore, it is imperative to focus on the antecedents of relative stable and fluctuating workplace status for both the employee and the organization. A large number of studies have found that testosterone, a male hormone that widely affects individuals' psychology and behavior, is closely related to psychological processes such as competition and status seeking, and may be an important antecedent variable affecting individuals' status in social groups. Despite this, some inconsistencies exist regarding research on the relationship between testosterone and human status. The complexity of the issue could be a factor. To contribute to existing literature on the topic, this study examines workplace status antecedents from different perspectives such as individual and situational differences and different status acquisition strategies. Based on the Biosocial Theory of Status, the Dominance-Prestige Account, and Expectancy Violations Theory, the present study explores the physiological antecedents, mediations, and boundary conditions of workplace status in the real world, and elucidates the influence of complex interactions of physiological, psychological, behavioral, and situational factors on stable and fluctuating workplace status at both intra-and inter-individual levels. In this study, we aims to find out how status threat interacts with testosterone levels and influences employees' workplace status via the mediating effects of two status acquisition strategies, i.e., prestige and dominance. Additionally, the study investigates gender differences in the effectiveness of testosterone on status behavior strategies and status behavior strategies on workplace status acquisition. To test the research model and hypothesis, three studies were designed to investigate the role of three testosterone indicators in workplace status acquisition at the person level and day level. Study 1 explored a causal association between prenatal testosterone exposure and more stable workplace status. The results showed that male prenatal testosterone exposure positively affected their workplace status, while female prenatal testosterone exposure did not affect their workplace status. In study 2, a questionnaire survey was used to focus on whether basic testosterone interacts with status threat at the individual level, and influences relatively stable workplace status through two status strategies: prestige and dominance. In study 3, the journal method was used to explore the interaction between daily morning testosterone at day level and status threat at person level, and its influence on fluctuating workplace status through two status behaviors, daily prestige behavior and daily dominance behavior. The results showed that testosterone could not directly affect the workplace status of male employees at either the person level or day level. However, after considering the moderating effect of status threat, testosterone could indirectly influence the stable or fluctuating workplace status of male employees through the chain mediating effect of prestige behavioral strategies and prestige. The discussion on gender differences shows that testosterone has a stronger effect on status behavior in men than in women, and there are differences in the effectiveness of prestige and dominance strategies on status acquisition in employees of different genders. Prestige strategies are effective for both men and women, while dominance strategies are only effective for women. The findings of this study offer a biological explanation for the formation of stable workplace status and antecedents of status fluctuation. Specifically, it investigates the moderating effect of status threat on testosterone's impact on workplace status and examines the indirect mechanism through which testosterone. |
| 英文摘要 | 个体之间地位的差距广泛存在于各种不同的组织中，职场中也不例外。对职场地位的追求是员工的一种基本动机。对员工自身而言，高职场地位可以帮助员工提升幸福感、自尊、薪酬和身心健康水平，还能帮助员工在处于劣势时减少损失。对组织而言，员工的地位所形成的地位等级有助于在组织中建立有序的影响力分工，促进组织的有效运转。此外，职场中的地位并不是稳定的，因此相对稳定和波动的地位都是值得关注的问题。因此，关注相对稳定和波动的职场地位的前因对员工自身和组织都很重要。大量研究发现翠酮，一种与竞争和地位寻求等心理过程密切相关，广泛影响个体心理和行为的雄性激素，可能是影响个体在社会群体中地位的重要前因变量。然而，有关翠酮与地位相关变量之间关联的前人研究结果存在很多不一致，这可能是由于翠酮与地位之间的关联较为复杂。本研究试图从地位的不同获取策略、个体及情境差异来推进现有文献对这一问题的认知。以地位的生物社会理论、地位的支配一声望解释理论和期望违背理论为理论基础，本研究探索了现实中职场地位的生理前因及其中介和边界条件，从个体内和个体间两个水平阐明了生理、心理、行为和情境因素的复杂交互作用对稳定和波动的职场地位的影响。本研究预期地位威胁可以与翠酮水平相互作用，通过声望和支配这两种地位获得策略的中介作用对员工的职场地位产生影响。并且，在翠酮对地位行为策略以及地位行为策略对职场地位获得的有效性中均存在性别差异。 为检验研究模型及假设，本研究设计了三个研究，分别在个体间和个体内水平探讨了三种翠酮指标在职场地位获得中的作用。研究一探索了出生前翠酮暴露水平与较为稳定的职场地位之间的因果关联。结果发现，男性出生前翠酮暴露水平负向影响其职场地位，而女性出生前翠酮暴露水平不影响其职场地位。研究二采用问卷调查法，在个体间水平关注了基础翠酮能否与地位威胁交互，通过声望和支配两种地位策略对相对稳定的职场地位产生影响。研究三采用日记法，在个体内水平探讨了每日早晨翠酮能否与个体间地位威胁交互，通过每日声望和支配两种地位行为对波动的职场地位产生影响。结果显示，不管是在个体间还是个体内水平，翠酮都无法直接影响员工职场地位的获得，但当考虑地位威肋、这一情境变量的调节作用时，对于处于高地位威肋、的情境下的男性员工，翠酮可以通过促进声望行为策略和提升声望水平的链式中介间接提高他们稳定或波动的职场地位。而尽管皇酮能够在高地位威肋、情境下促进男性员工展示出支配行为策略进而获得更高的支配水平，但支配策略并不能进一步帮助男性员工获得更高的职场地位。关于性别差异的分析显示，翠酮对男性地位获得行为策略的作用强于女性，且声望和支配策略对不同性别员工地位获得的有效性存在差异，声望策略对男性女性均有效而支配策略仅对女性有效。 本研究的结论从翠酮与地位获得策略的角度为职场稳定地位的获得和职场地位波动的发生提供了新的解释视角，揭示了当个体处于不同地位威肋、水平时，翠酮通过支配和声望两种地位获得策略作用于职场地位的行为机制。本研究还发现了性别差异在翠酮对职场地位的影响以及职场地位获得的有效途径中发挥的作用。本研究也存在一些实践价值。对于组织，在未来，可以考虑将生理指标用于辅助日常管理及关键岗位的选拔。对于员工自身，本研究的结论有利于指导个人根据组织氛围选择适合自身的工作，也有利于指导不同性别的员工选择合适的地位提升策略。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46102]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 郑阳蕾. 塞酮对职场地位的影响:性别与地位威胁的调节作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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