宿敌之争对决策者创新识别的双重影响
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 齐舒婷 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 白新文 |
| 关键词 | 创造力 创新识别 创新认可 创新决策 宿敌之争 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 工业与组织心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Dual Effect of Rivalry on Evaluators' Creativity Recognition |
| 中文摘要 | Innovation holds great significance for human progress and development, encompassing the entire process from idea generation to implementation. Among them, of particular importance is the recognition stage, which serves as a crucial bridge and has increasingly become a key factor for individuals and organizations seeking to gain competitive advantages in the marketplace. In reality, this stage has garnered increasing attention from organizations and institutions, and the critical role of decision-makers in innovation recognition has become more widely recognized. However, previous research has primarily focused on the impact of three factors一the characteristics of recognition subjects (i.e., decision-makers), the characteristics of recognition objects (i.e., ideas and creators), and social environmental factors一on innovation recognition, while overlooking the significant role that interpersonal factors play in decision-makers' innovation recognition. Specifically, rivalry, as a critical social relationship among decision-makers, affects their motivation and cognitive processes, ultimately influencing the outcome of their evaluation and selection. Given the high level of uncertainty that characterizes many innovative endeavors, further exploration of this topic is needed. Based on the rivalry theory, this paper hopes to further explore the idiosyncratic effects of rivalry brought about by rivals compared to their general peers on decision makers' innovation recognition. This study proposes that when the decision maker's perceived rivalry with the other peers is strong, they will view them as rival and pay more attention to the comparison with them, which in turn will increase the decision maker's motivation and behavior of desiring to win, as well as paying too much attention to the opponent. From the perspective of cognitive processing of decision makers, the rivalry affects the depth and breadth of their cognitive processing, which in turn affects the quality of innovation recognition and the consistency of innovation selection. Specifically, from the viewpoint of processing depth, rivalry makes decision makers eager to grasp more information and surpass competitors, which in turn affects the way decision makers process information and increases individuals' intentional processing, systematic processing and comprehensive analysis of relevant information, which is conducive to improving the quality of decision makers' identification of these ideas. From the viewpoint of the breadth of processing, the rivalry affects the scope of information processing, and when the decision makers focus on surpassing the rivals, it will form a tunnel vision pointing to the rivals, appear too much focus on the ideas within the vision, and enhance the consistency of the decision makers' innovation selection, while making the quality of innovation recognition dependent on the rivals一when the quality within the rivals' vision is low, the rivalry the negative effect of narrowing horizons on innovation recognition due to the relationship is highlighted. In addition, the above effects are influenced by decision maker traits, i.e., they are significant when decision maker self-efficacy or rationality or intuition are low, and insignificant when decision maker self-efficacy or rationality and intuition are high. This study consists of three sub-studies. The preliminary study first established a creative repository for subsequent evaluation, and used experts to develop standards for evaluating accuracy. Study 1 used laboratory experimental method to explore the depth path of the impact of rivalry on decision-makers' innovation recognition. Experiment la explored the main effect of the impact of rivalry on innovation recognition quality, and supported the positive effect of rivalry. Experiment 1b further tested the mediating mechanism of systematic processing. Study 2 also used laboratory experimental method to explore the breadth path of the impact of rivalry on decision-makers' innovation recognition. Experiment 2a explored the positive effect of rivalry on high evaluation preferences and investment tendencies of creative target through tunnel vision on the opponent's target of concern. Experiment 2b also found that the rivalry had a high evaluation and selection tendency on the target through tunnel vision, regardless of whether the creative idea was of high or low quality. Finally, Study 3 further tested the above model using archive data on fund managers' investment in listed companies. We used social network analysis to code the rivalry between fund managers and explored the impact of these relationships on stock selection and fund performance. The results showed that for the breadth path, the stronger the rivalry between decision-makers, the higher the consistency of their stock selection and fund performance. For the depth path, the greater the extensiveness and intensity of rivalry between decision-makers, the deeper the processing of heavy-weighted stocks, and the higher the performance level of fund managers. All three studies supported the main hypotheses of the model. This study makes theoretical contributions to two areas: innovation recognition and rivalry. First, in terms of innovation recognition, the study adopts a new perspective of dyad interpersonal influence and further explores the important impact of the rivalry specificity between decision-makers on innovation recognition, expanding the research on the effects of relational factors on innovation recognition. Second, in terms of rivalry, the study enriches the research on work-related social motivation, supplements the exploration of the influence of rivalry on decision-makers' cognitive processing in high-uncertainty and unpredictable innovation situations, distinguishes the different paths of information processing under the influence of rivalry, enriches and develops the theory of rivalry, expands its application scenarios, and provides evidence of the moderating effect of personal traits. From a practical perspective, decision-makers can, on the one hand, seek suitable rivals, expose themselves to the rivalry with them, and improve their systematic processing level, which is beneficial to the quality of their innovation recognition. On the other hand, we need to be cautious in dealing with rivals' ideas in their field of vision and choose high-quality rivals, which is positively significant for the accuracy of their innovation recognition. |
| 英文摘要 | 创新对于人类的发展进步具有重大意义，包含了从产生阶段到实施阶段的完整过程。其中，识别阶段起到了关键的桥梁作用，日益成为了个体与组织在激烈的市场竞争中获得优势的关键。在现实生活中，这一阶段逐渐引起组织或机构的重视，决策者在创新识别中的重要作用慢慢引发了关注。在理论上，总结前人研究发现，通过近十年的发展，研究者主要关注了识别主体(决策者)特征、识别客体(创意与创造者)特征以及社会环境特征三类因素对创新识别的影响，而忽视了人际因素对决策者创新识别的重要作用。其中，竞争性关系作为决策者之间的重要的社会关系，影响决策者的动机与认知方式，进而影响其评价与选择的结果，尤其在高不确定性的情景下，前人研究缺乏对该因素如何影响创新识别的探讨。 由此，基于宿敌之争理论，本文希望进一步挖掘决策者与其宿敌(相比于普通同行)存在的宿敌之争对决策者的创新识别带来的特异性影响。研究提出，当决策者将对方视为宿敌时，会更多的关注与对方的比较，进而会增加其渴望获胜的动机，影响其信息加工的过程和创新识别的结果。在创新识别的情境下，这种影响主要体现在对决策者认知加工深度和广度的作用上。具体来说，从加工的深度来看，宿敌之争会使得决策者渴望掌握更多信息去超越宿敌，进而影响决策者信息加工的方式，增加个体对相关信息的有意加工、系统处理与全面分析，有利于提升决策者对这些创意的识别质量。从加工的广度来看，宿敌之争影响信息加工的范围，当决策者关注超越宿敌时，会形成指向宿敌的视野狭窄、过多关注视野内的创意，提升决策者创新选择的一致性，而使得创新识别的质量依赖于宿敌—当宿敌视野内质量低时，宿敌之争所导致的视野狭窄对创新识别的负面效应凸显。此外，上述影响会受到决策者特质的影响;即当决策者自我效能感或理性、直觉程度低时，上述影响显著;而当决策者自我效能感或理性、直觉高时，上述影响不显著。 本论文开展了一项预研究和三项正式研究。预研究首先建立后续评价的创意库，同时利用专家制定评价准确性的标准分。研究一采用实验法，探索宿敌之争对决策者创新识别深度路径的影响。其中，研究la探索了宿敌之争对创新识别准确性的影响，并支持了宿敌之争的正向作用;研究1b进一步检验了系统化加工的中介机制。研究二同样开展实验研究，探索宿敌之争对决策者创新识别广度路径的影响。其中，研究2a发现，宿敌之争情境下，决策者的视野变得狭窄，对对手所关注的目标的创造力水平给予更高评价，投资倾向也更高。研究2b进一步发现，受宿敌之争影响，即使对手所关注的目标质量欠佳，决策者仍然会由于视野狭窄而高估该标的的潜力。研究2a和2b的结果表明，决策者视野狭窄情况下对宿敌所关注目标给予更高评价，并不是因为能更准确识别出该目标的创新潜力，而是宿敌之争情境下出现高估偏差。研究三采用二手档案分析法，通过公开渠道获取公募基金经理的基金投资数据，进一步检验上述模型。利用社会网络的分析方法对基金经理之间的宿敌之争进行编码，进而探索这种关系对基金经理选股与基金业绩变动的影响。结果发现，决策者之间的宿敌之争越强，其选股的一致性越高，基金变动的一致性越强，体现了认知广度路径的作用;决策者之间的宿敌之争的广泛性与强度越强，对重仓股的加工深度越深，基金经理的绩效水平越高，这为认知深度路径提供了实证依据。三个研究的结果均支持了模型的主要假设。 本研究对创新识别和宿敌之争两个领域都具有理论贡献。首先，对于创新识别领域，本研究从决策者一决策者二元关系这一新视角切入，探讨了决策者间的宿敌之争对创新识别的重要影响，拓展了人际关系因素对于创新识别影响研究的内容。其次，对于宿敌之争的探讨，丰富了关系的激励作用的研究;补充了在高不确定、难以预测的创新情境下，宿敌之争对决策者认知加工影响的探讨。再次，本研究揭示了宿敌之争影响判断和决策的认知加工机制，丰富了宿敌之争理论的内容。最后，本研究将宿敌之争理论引进到创造力与创新研究领域，拓展了宿敌之争理论的应用场景。从实践价值上看，决策者一方面可以寻找合适的宿敌，让自己暴露在宿敌之争中而提升自己的系统化加工水平，进而有利于其创新识别的质量;另一方面，我们也需要谨慎对待宿敌视野内的创意，选择高质量的宿敌对其创新识别的准确性的提升具有积极意义。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/46181]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 齐舒婷. 宿敌之争对决策者创新识别的双重影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。