旧世界（中亚和东亚）葱属植物的系统与进化研究
文献类型：学位论文
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| 作者 | Ziyoviddin Yusupov |
| 答辩日期 | 2020-08 |
| 导师 | 孙航 |
| 英文摘要 | The genus Allium L. is one of the largest genera in the family Amaryllidaceae comprising more than 1000 species, including important cultivated species such as leek, garlic, chive and onion. Majority of the species are distributed in the northern hemisphere with several centres of diversity in Eastern and Central Asia, and North America .Up to now, very few studies analyzed of the genus plylogeny and biogeography using both morphological traits and molecular markers. In this study, based on the chloroplast genomes and morphological data, 77 species of 12 subgenera in 15 subgenera of Allium from Central and East Asian species were studied. Major results include the following: 1) Sequencing and analysis of whole chloroplast genomes of 77 species revealed general correspondence with the results based on ITS except for the evolutionary line L3 (subgenera: Cepa, Allium, Polyprason, Reticulatabulbosa). The discrepancies between nrDNA and cpDNA based trees in positions of several clades and species in the lineage 3 (L3) appears to be due to interspecific hybridization and chloroplast capture. 2) East Asia is a center of origin of many Allium clades, especially the oldest ones from the evolutionary leanages L1 (subg. Amerallium, subg. Nectorascordum, subg. Microscordum) - L2 (subg. Melanocrommyum, subg. Colosocordum, subg. Angunium, subg. Colosocordum, subg. Angunium, subg. Vvedenskaya, subg. Porphyroprason). Central Asia is the second by importance region of Allium diversification. A role of Europe and Northern Asia in Allium evolution remains unclear because of poor coverage of species representing these two regions in sampling. 3) Analysis of variability of chloroplast genes identified rpl32-trnL and petA-petB (variability-29,5%) as the most variable and therefore are suitable for further phylogentic studies in Allium. 4) We conducted the evolution analysis of floral and bulb structures and evaluated the ancestral state shifts for underground organs, inflorescence and stamen filaments. The ancestral states for genus Allium were true bulbs, white to yellow flowers and lax inflorescnece structure with simple stamen filaments. Our results suggest that evolution and speciation in Allium involved adaptation of underground organs to changing abiotic conditions. A transition from warm humid to cold and dry habitats due to either climate change or migration, resulted in emergence of new adaptive characters such as small true bulbs, tricuspidate filaments and dense inflorescences. These characters arose in the genus repeatedly in different phylogenetic lines in a response to increased dryness of the soil. 5) Seed micromorphological characteristics (seeds size and shape; micromorphology: seeds` testa cells volume and distance between the testa cells, testa cell shapes and arrangements, structures of anticlinal wall and periclinal wall) of 98 species representing 14 genera (out of 15) and 61 sections of Allium were examined by scanning electron microscope (SE |
| 源URL | [http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/74103]  |
| 专题 | 昆明植物研究所_昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Ziyoviddin Yusupov. 旧世界（中亚和东亚）葱属植物的系统与进化研究, Phylogeny and Evolution of Allium of Old World with special focus on Central Asia and East Asia[D]. 2020. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明植物研究所
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