Objective: To examine the association between solitude capacity and depressive symptoms among older adults and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: A total of 1057 older adults (aged≥55 years) were assessed with the Capacity To Be Alone Scale (CBAS), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D10). Results: ① The elderly's solitude capacity had a positive effect on depressive symptoms（β=-0.17, P<0.001);② Resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between solitude capacity and depressive symptoms, with a mediating effect value of -0.06 and an indirect mediating effect accounting for 33.53%; ③ Both the first-half (βalone=-0.17, P<0.05) and the direct path of the mediation model (βchi=-0.17, P<0.05; βchi & spo=-0.16, P<0.05) were moderated by living arrangements. Conclusion: Solitude capacity, regardless of living with someone, can reduce the risk of late-life depression by enhancing resilience; for empty nest elderly living alone, the promoting effect of solitude capacity on their resilience is more significant, compensating for the negative impact of the lack of intimate relationships; for the elderly who live with their children or both their children and spouse, a high solitude capacity helps directly alleviate their depressive symptoms.

目的：考察老年人独处能力与抑郁症状的关系及其内在机制。方法：采用独处能力量表（CBAS）、心理韧性量表简版（CD-RISC-10）、流调中心抑郁自评量表（CES–D10），对1057名55岁及以上的老年人进行测查。结果：①老年人独处能力显著负向预测抑郁症状（β=-0.17， P<0.001）；②心理韧性在独处能力与抑郁症状之间起部分中介作用，中介效应值为-0.06，中介效应占比为33.53%；③不同的居住方式调节了中介模型的前半段路径（β_(独居)＝0.17， P<0.05）和直接路径（β_(子女)＝-0.17， P<0.05; β_(子&配)＝-0.16， P<0.05）。结论：无论与谁居住，独处能力均可以通过增强其心理韧性来降低晚年抑郁风险；对于独居空巢老年人，独处能力对其心理韧性的促进作用更显著，一定程度上补偿了亲密关系缺失的不利影响；而对于与子女居住、与子女和配偶共同居住的老年人，高独处能力有助于直接缓解其抑郁症状。

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(编号:71774157);中国科学院行为科学重点实验室项目(编号:YSCX052003）