ATLASGAL: 3 mm class I methanol masers in high-mass star formation regions*
文献类型：期刊论文
| 作者 | Yang, W.7; Gong, Y.7; Menten, K. M.7; Urquhart, J. S.6; Henkel, C.4,5,7; Wyrowski, F.7; Csengeri, T.3; Ellingsen, S. P.2; Bemis, A. R.1; Jang, J.7 |
| 刊名 | ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
 |
| 出版日期 | 2023-07-07 |
| 卷号 | 675页码:23 |
| ISSN号 | 0004-6361 |
| 关键词 | masers stars: formation ISM: molecules radio lines: ISM |
| DOI | 10.1051/0004-6361/202346227 |
| 通讯作者 | Yang, W.(wjyang@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de) |
| 英文摘要 | Context. Class I methanol masers are known to be associated with shocked outflow regions around massive protostars, indicating a possible link between the maser properties and those of their host clumps. Aims. The main goals of this study are (1) to search for new class I methanol masers, (2) to statistically study the relationship between class I masers and shock tracers, (3) to compare the properties between class I masers and their host clumps, also as a function of their evolutionary stage, and (4) to constrain the physical conditions that excite multiple class I masers simultaneously. Methods. We analysed the 3 mm wavelength spectral line survey of 408 clumps identified by the APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy (ATLASGAL), which were observed with the IRAM 30-meter telescope, focusing on the class I methanol masers with frequencies near 84, 95, and 104.3 GHz. Results. We detect narrow maser-like features towards 54, 100, and 4 sources in the maser lines near 84, 95, and 104.3 GHz, respectively. Among them, 50 masers at 84 GHz, 29 masers at 95 GHz, and 4 rare masers at 104.3 GHz are new discoveries. The new detections increase the number of known 104.3 GHz masers from five to nine. The 95 GHz class I methanol maser is generally stronger than the 84 GHz maser counterpart. We find nine sources showing class I methanol masers, but no SiO emission, indicating that class I methanol masers might be the only signpost of protostellar outflow activity in extremely embedded objects at the earliest evolutionary stage. Class I methanol masers that are associated with sources that show SiO line wings are more numerous and stronger than those without such wings. The total integrated intensity of class I methanol masers is well correlated with the integrated intensity and velocity coverage of the SiO (2-1) emission. The properties of class I methanol masers are positively correlated with the bolometric luminosity, clump mass, and peak H-2 column density of their associated clumps, but are uncorrelated with the luminosity-to-mass ratio, dust temperature, and mean H-2 volume density. Conclusions. We suggest that the properties of class I masers are related to shocks traced by SiO. Based on our observations, we conclude that class I methanol masers at 84 and 95 GHz can trace a similar evolutionary stage to the H2O maser, and appear prior to 6.7 and 12.2 GHz methanol and OH masers. Despite their small number, the 104.3 GHz class I masers appear to trace a shorter and more evolved stage compared to the other class I masers. |
| WOS关键词 | EXTENDED GREEN OBJECTS ; COMPACT SOURCE CATALOG ; FOLLOW-UP CATALOG ; METHYL-ALCOHOL ; DENSE GAS ; CLUMPS ; OUTFLOW ; GALAXY ; WATER ; LINE |
| WOS研究方向 | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 出版者 | EDP SCIENCES S A |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:001030296600013 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/5421]  |
| 专题 | 研究单元未命名 |
| 通讯作者 | Yang, W. |
| 作者单位 | 1.Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands 2.Univ Tasmania, Sch Nat Sci, Private Bag 37, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia 3.Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, B18N Allee Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, France 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Astron Observ, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China 5.King Abdulaziz Univ, Astron Dept, Fac Sci, POB 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 6.Univ Kent, Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, England 7.Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Yang, W.,Gong, Y.,Menten, K. M.,et al. ATLASGAL: 3 mm class I methanol masers in high-mass star formation regions*[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,2023,675:23. |
| APA | Yang, W..,Gong, Y..,Menten, K. M..,Urquhart, J. S..,Henkel, C..,...&Jang, J..(2023).ATLASGAL: 3 mm class I methanol masers in high-mass star formation regions*.ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS,675,23. |
| MLA | Yang, W.,et al."ATLASGAL: 3 mm class I methanol masers in high-mass star formation regions*".ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 675(2023):23. |
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