Objective: To clarify the characteristics of memory inhibition and the mechanism of the retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) in cognitive failure by exploring the effect of item competition intensity on RIF of individuals with cognitive failure. Methods: We selected 32 individuals with high levels of cognitive failure and 32 individuals with low levels from subjects who had top 27% highest and top 27% lowest scores of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (there were 1710 individuals in the sample), and then used the retrieval practice paradigm to examine the RIF of individuals with high and low levels of cognitive failure under the high and low item competition intensity condition. Results: Individuals with low levels of cognitive failure produced a significant RIF under the condition of high item competition intensity, but no RTF under the low condition. Inversely, individuals with high levels of cognitive failure produced a significant RIF under the condition of the low item competition intensity instead of the high item competition intensity condition. Conclusion: Impaired memory suppression is an important factor of cognitive failure, and individuals with high levels of cognitive failure are so easily affected by the correlated costs and benefits problem (CCB) under the low item competition intensity condition that produce interference-based RIF, which confuses the mechanism of RIF.

目的:通过考察项目竞争强度对认知失败者提取诱发遗忘(retrieval-induced forgetting,RIF)的影响,以厘清认知失败者记忆抑制的特点及RIF的形成机制.方法:分别从认知失败问卷得分前、后各27％的被试群体(样本总量为1710人)中选取高、低认知失败者各32人,然后采用提取练习范式考察高、低认知失败者在高、低项目竞争强度下的RIF.结果:低认知失败者在高项目竞争强度下产生显著的RIF,在低项目竞争强度下未产生RIF;高认知失败者在低项目竞争强度下产生显著的RIF,在高项目竞争强度下未产生RIF.结论:记忆抑制受损是引发认知失败的重要根源,高认知失败者在低项目竞争强度下容易受相关代价与效益问题影响而产生干扰性RIF,进而混淆对RIF形成机制的解释.

【基金项目】全国教育科学规划国家一般课题(BBA210037)。