This study examined whether 5-year-old children would strategically engage in prosocial behaviors to maintain their existing prosocial reputation. Experiment 1 found that when children were told that their peers had nominated them as kids who like to help (assigned a helping reputation), they exhibited helping behaviors more quickly compared to when they were assigned a sharing reputation or no reputation at all. Experiment 2 found that when children were told that their peers had nominated them as kids who like to share (assigned a sharing reputation), they shared more compared to when they were assigned a helping reputation or no reputation at all. These results indicate that 5-year-old children engage in corresponding prosocial behaviors to maintain their specific prosocial reputation, with implications for our understanding of the strategic motive underlying young children's prosocial behavior.

本研究探讨了 5 岁儿童是否会策略性地做出亲社会行为，以维护他们现有的亲社会声誉。实验 1 发现，当告诉儿童他们被同伴提名为喜欢助人的孩子（被赋予帮助声誉）时，与被赋予分享声誉或没有被赋予声誉的儿童相比，他们会更迅速地做出帮助行为。实验 2 发现，当儿童被赋予分享声誉时，与被赋予帮助声誉或没有被赋予声誉的儿童相比，他们会更多地分享。这些结果表明，5岁儿童会策略性做出特定的亲社会行为来维护他们相应的亲社会声誉。

北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2019年度重点课题“不同类型的社会性奖励对幼儿亲社会行为的影响”（编号：BEAA19046）