Local binary pattern (LBP) with a fixed sampling template is sensitive to scale changes. Furthermore, under rotation changes or noise corruptions, one uniform LBP pattern can be corrupted to fall into a non-uniform pattern which loses its discrimination power to describe the corresponding texture feature. To overcome these two main drawbacks, we propose a scale and pattern adaptive local binary pattern (SPALBP). Firstly, in the gradient-based sampling radius adaptive scheme, eight directional adaptive sampling radius of each center pixel can be obtained by using its eight Kirsch gradient values. Secondly, in the noise and rotation robust neighborhood sampling scheme, three neighborhood sampling templates are used to extract three kinds of averaging neighborhood pixels. Thirdly, for each center pixel, three kinds of LBPriu2 patterns can be extracted by sampling these three kinds of averaging neighborhood pixels along eight directional adaptive sampling radius. Finally, an optimal SPALBP uniform pattern can be adaptively selected from these three LBPriu2 patterns. Hence, all SPALBP patterns show more robustness against scale changes, rotation changes and noise corruptions. Extensive experiments are conducted on four standard texture databases: Outex, UIUC, CUReT and XU_HR. Comparing with state-of-the-art LBP-based variants, the proposed SPALBP method consistently shows superior performance both in dramatic environment changes and high-levels of noise conditions, meanwhile it maintains a lower texture feature dimension. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd