This paper investigates a method for measuring and calibrating the mirror attitude, tilt monitoring system, and compensation lens in a diffraction camera. Firstly, a measurement network is established by installing a reference prism and a theodolite on the load-bearing plate, enabling the overall measurement of the position of the mirror relative to the camera. Then, by changing the attitude of the mirror and recording the changes in the detector point coordinates, the relationship between the direction angle of the mirror and the detector point coordinates is calculated. Then, by adjusting the compensation lens in its local coordinate system, the relationship between the compensation lens and the detector point coordinates is obtained. Finally, by substituting the above matrix into the conversion matrix formula, the conversion matrix between the direction angle of the secondary mirror and the compensation lens translation is obtained, thereby completing the calibration of the attitude. This method can directly drive the compensation lens according to the change in the position of the mirror, ensuring the imaging quality of the camera. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.