To meet the demand of weak ultraviolet signal acquisition and transmission for solar-blind ultraviolet flame detectors, this paper develops a signal acquisition system based on a β-Ga2O3 thin-film photoconductive sensor. Firstly, the weak signal acquisition circuit is designed according to the electrical characteristics of the β-Ga2O3 photoconductive sensor. Secondly, real-time data transmission and processing are achieved by using field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Thirdly, the experimental platform of solar-blind UV imaging system is built, and the joint test of the β-Ga2O3 photoconductive sensor and the readout electronics system is conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the system is capable of acquiring, transmitting, and storing the solar-blind UV signal data from a 1×8 pixel array. The sampling rate can reach up to 20 kHz and exhibits stable performance. © 2023 SPIE. All rights reserved.