This article discusses a rarely mentioned but prevalent type of decision-making known as defensive decision-making. Defensive decision-making is a form of decision-making primarily motivated by self-exoneration but disregards the interests of the party being entrusted. This type of decision-making is common in various fields such as healthcare, engineering, finance, and management and can lead to severe consequences and resource wastage. Based on the review of manifestations of defensive decision-making making, impact factors of defensive decision-making, this article proposes a series of facilitating methods and tools, such as perspective shifts and changes in decision-making patterns, aimed at reducing the inclination toward defensive decision-making. Finally, it is proposed to view such decisions as a type of "intertemporal choice" and encompass a broader perspective across various industries, with a research outlook on defensive decision-making within a larger framework.

本文讨论了一种鲜少被提及但在现实中普遍存在的决策类型，即防御性决策。防御性决策是一种以自我免责为主要动机、但无视委托方利益的决策。这种决策在医疗、工程、金融、管理等领域常见，可能导致严重后果和资源浪费。本文在综述防御性决策的表现、影响因素的基础上，提出了一系列在各行业具有普适性的助推方法，如视角转换、决策模式变化等，力将“防御性决策”造成的伤害降至最小。提出了将此类决策视为“跨期决策”的一类、并囊括各行业的更广的视角，在更大的架构中研究防御性决策的研究展望。

国家社会科学基金重大项目“新时代社会治理背景下的社会心理服务体系建设研究”（19ZDA358）;; 北京市教育委员会社科计划重点项目“健康中国背景下北京市社区居?健康信息素养提升路径研究”（SZ202310025009）;; 国家自然科学基金面上项目(71971104)“群体情景中的跨期决策：社会比较的视角”