Based on big data, we explored the mediating features of adolescents' academic performance. Using the methods of data analysis and model building, we mined students' personal information, family background, and academic performance. Features such as academic performance were extracted. The model predicted academic performance precisely. The mediating effect analysis results revealed the mediating role of specific features in the model. The results of this study provide information for school management and educational policy-making and help to understand the complex mechanisms of adolescents' academic achievement formation.