儿童六种基本情绪面部表情识别的发展特点
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 朱丽雅 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-08 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 赵科 |
| 关键词 | 儿童 面部表情 情绪识别 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Developmental characteristics of facial expression recognition of six basic emotions in children |
| 中文摘要 | Emotions are subjective experiences and behavioral expressions of individuals in response to objective stimuli, playing a crucial role in their ability to adapt to the environment. Facial expressions serve as external displays of internal emotional states, conveying rich emotional information and playing a crucial role in social interactions. Ekman identified six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise) that have a one-to-one correspondence with their respective facial expressions, and the recognition of these facial expressions shows cross-cultural consistency. The middle childhood period is an active stage of social interaction for children, as they start school and engage in various social activities. Therefore, understanding the developmental trajectory of children's recognition of the six basic emotional facial expressions during this stage is of great significance for the development of their social interaction abilities. This study employed the Brief Affect Recognition Test (BART) paradigm to investigate the developmental characteristics of facial expression recognition in 276 Chinese children aged 6 to 13 (153 boys and 123 girls). Participants viewed facial expressions representing one of the six basic emotions on a computer screen in the laboratory and were asked to select the emotion word that matched the presented image from two options. Through statistical analysis of participants' accuracy, reaction time, and discrimination sensitivity, the following main findings were obtained: First, children's facial expression recognition abilities improve with age. The age range of 8-9 represents a period of rapid development in facial recognition for schoolaged children. In this age range, there is a significant improvement in the accuracy and discrimination sensitivity of facial expression recognition. As children age, their reaction time to facial expression recognition generally shows a declining trend, but the development is slow. In early adolescence, there is no significant development in facial expression recognition ability. Second, there are significant differences in the recognition abilities of middle childhood children for positive valence and negative valence expressions. The accuracy, reaction speed, and discrimination sensitivity of positive valence expressions (happiness and surprise) are significantly higher than those of negative valence expressions. Among the negative valence expressions, the recognition ability for sadness is significantly higher than that for disgust, fear, and anger. Third, school-aged children have difficulties in distinguishing certain facial expressions. The discrimination sensitivity of fear and surprise, as well as disgust and anger expressions, is significantly lower compared to other expression combinations. Lastly, there are gender differences in children's facial expression recognition. Female participants show significantly higher accuracy and discrimination sensitivity compared to male participants. In conclusion, this study provides an in-depth exploration of the developmental characteristics of facial expression recognition in school-aged children, highlighting the improvements with age, differences in recognition abilities for positive and negative valence expressions, difficulties in distinguishing certain expressions, and gender differences. |
| 英文摘要 | 情绪是个体对客观事物的态度体验以及相应的行为表达。面部表情是个体 内在情绪状态的外在表达，在社会交往中传递着丰富的情绪信息。Ekman 提出 六种基本情绪面部表情（高兴、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧、厌恶和惊讶）具有跨文化 的一致性。儿童中期是儿童社会交往的活跃期，儿童在儿童中期开始了校园生 活，接触了更多的社会活动。因此，了解此阶段儿童六种基本情绪面部表情识 别的发展特点，具有一定的理论意义与实际意义。 本研究以快速情绪识别范式(Brief Affect Recognition Test，BART)考察了 276 名中国 6-13 岁儿童（男生 153 名、女生 123 名）六种基本情绪面部表情识别的 发展特点。被试在实验室的电脑屏幕上看到六种基本情绪面部表情中的一种， 随后电脑屏幕上出现一对情绪词汇，被试从两种情绪词汇中选出与所呈现图片 相一致的情绪词汇。研究通过识别的正确率、反应时、辨别力的统计分析，主 要发现如下：第一、儿童面部表情识别能力随着年龄的增长而提高。在儿童中 期，8-9 岁年龄阶段是儿童面部表情识别的快速发展期。在该年龄阶段，儿童面 部表情识别的正确率和辨别力都显著提升。随着年龄的增长，儿童面部表情识 别的反应时总体呈下降趋势，但发展缓慢。在青春期早期的12-13岁年龄阶段， 表情识别能力没有显著变化。第二、儿童表情识别能力存在显著的正、负性效 价间的差异。儿童对正性效价表情（高兴、惊讶）识别的正确率、反应速度、 辨别力显著高于负性效价表情（悲伤、厌恶、恐惧、愤怒）。在负性效价内，悲 伤表情的识别能力显著高于厌恶、恐惧和愤怒表情。愤怒表情是儿童最难识别 的表情。第三、儿童存在易混淆表情对，恐惧 vs. 惊讶、厌恶 vs. 愤怒表情对 的辨别力显著低于其他表情对。第四、儿童面部表情识别存在显著的性别差异： 女生的识别正确率和辨别力显著高于男生。本研究结果对研究儿童面部表情识别的发展特点具有一定的启发意义。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/47940]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 朱丽雅. 儿童六种基本情绪面部表情识别的发展特点[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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