北京老年人社会关系与心理健康及其城乡差异研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王坤 |
| 答辩日期 | 2023-08 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 李娟 |
| 关键词 | 社会关系 老年人 心理健康 生活满意度 城乡差异 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 其他题名 | Social Relationships and Psychological Well-being of Beijing Older Adults and its Urban-rural Differences |
| 中文摘要 | In 1999, China entered the aging society. Authoritative data from the National Bureau of Statistics in 2022 reveals that there are 280.04 million people aged 60 and above in China, accounting for 19.8% of the total population; and 209.78 million people aged 65 and above, making up 14.9% of the total population. The proportion of the elderly population continues to rise, leading to increasing pressures on families and society. Actively addressing the challenges posed by aging holds significant importance. As the physical functions of the elderly gradually decline, they continuously face challenges such as declining physiological functions and increased susceptibility to various diseases. These ongoing physiological changes lead to a decline in the physical well-being of the elderly population. Simultaneously, the level of their social relationships also undergoes varying degrees of decline. In severe cases, this can even adversely affect the mental health of the elderly, necessitating further research in this domain.Social relationships encompass two crucial dimensions: social support and social participation. Although previous research has demonstrated the association between social support, social participation, and the mental well-being of the elderly, these dimensions are often discussed separately. The comprehensive perspective of how social factors impact the mental health of the elderly has not been fully explored. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively understand and examine the relationship between social relationships and the mental well-being of the elderly, along with its different dimensional indicators. Additionally, it seeks to explore the urban-rural differences in how social relationships affect the mental health of the elderly. This study recruited 968 elderly individuals aged 60 and above from both urban and rural areas of Tongzhou, Beijing. Participants who were physically uncomfortable, had hearing impairments, mental disorders, cognitive impairments, or other factors that would hinder their participation were excluded from the survey. Among the participants, there were 370 males and 598 females, with 640 elderly individuals residing in urban areas and 328 in rural areas. The average age of the participants was 66.74 years (SD=5.67).A modified survey questionnaire was utilized to gather demographic information and assess social relationship conditions. The Elderly Psychological Health Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale were used to evaluate the participants' mental well-being. During data processing, the scores for social support and social participation for each participant were divided by the corresponding number of questions. This calculation resulted in the average scores for social support and social participation, which were then combined to determine the average social relationship score for each participant. Subsequently, statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlations between the average social relationship score and the overall mental health score, various dimensions of mental health, and life satisfaction scores. Study One investigated the relationship between social relationships and the psychological well-being of elderly individuals in both urban and rural areas of Beijing. The findings revealed a positive correlation between the level of social relationships and the mental health and life satisfaction of elderly individuals. Specifically, the level of social relationships positively predicted the overall psychological well-being of elderly individuals in both urban and rural areas, as well as various dimensions of mental health (β=0.09-0.33, ps<0.01). Study Two investigated the urban-rural differences in the impact of social relationships on the psychological well-being of elderly individuals. Firstly, notable urban-rural differences were observed in the dimensions of cognitive efficacy and life satisfaction among elderly individuals' psychological well-being. Elderly individuals in urban areas displayed significantly higher levels of cognitive efficacy and life satisfaction compared to their rural counterparts. However, there were no significant differences in the total score of psychological well-being or the dimensions of interpersonal interaction, adaptability, self-awareness, and emotional experience.Furthermore, the study found that the level of social relationships was positively correlated with the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of urban elderly individuals. Specifically, the average score of social relationships positively predicted the overall psychological well-being of urban elderly individuals, as well as their scores in dimensions such as interpersonal interaction, adaptability, self-awareness, and emotional experience (β=0.08-0.35, Ps＜0.05), and life satisfaction (β=0.15, P ＜0.01 ). However, the predictive effect on cognitive efficacy was not significant. Similarly, the level of social relationships was positively correlated with the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of rural elderly individuals. The average score of social relationships positively predicted the overall psychological well-being of rural elderly individuals, as well as their scores in dimensions such as interpersonal interaction, cognitive efficacy, self-awareness, and emotional experience (β=0.13-0.29, ps<0.05), and life satisfaction (β=0.12, p<0.05), but not adaptability.Lastly, significant urban-rural differences moderated the relationship between social relationships and psychological well-being. This was particularly evident in the interaction effects on interpersonal interaction and cognitive efficacy (p≤0.05). Urban elderly individuals benefited more in terms of interpersonal interaction, while rural elderly individuals benefited more in terms of cognitive efficacy. However, there were no urban-rural differences or interaction effects between social relationships and psychological well-being in terms of overall psychological well-being, adaptability, self-awareness, emotional experience, and life satisfaction. In conclusion, the level of social relationships positively predicts the overall psychological well-being of elderly individuals in both urban and rural areas of Beijing. Enhancing the social relationships of the elderly, such as increasing their social support and opportunities for social engagement, can effectively elevate their psychological well-being and life satisfaction levels. This finding provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of psychological well-being services for the elderly population. |
| 英文摘要 | 我国 1999 年进入老龄社会。2022 年国家统计局权威数据显示，我国 60 岁 以上老年人 28004 万，占全国人口 19.8%；65 岁以上人口 20978 万，占全国人口 的 14.9%。老龄人口比例不断增加，家庭和社会压力也不断增加，积极应对老龄 化问题有着极其重大的意义。老年人身体机能日渐老化过程中持续应对生理机能 下滑、各类疾病发生概率增加等不同挑战，这些生理持续转变使老年群体身体素 质不断下降，同时老年人的社会关系水平也不同程度的衰退，严重的甚至损害老 年人心理健康，开展相关研究势在必行。社会关系包含社会支持和社会参与两个 重要维度。尽管以往研究发现，社会支持和社会参与均和老年人心理健康有关， 但普遍分开讨论社会支持和社会参与两个维度，未从综合社会关系角度理解社会 因素对老年人心理健康的影响。因此，本研究旨在从综合角度理解、考察社会关 系与老年群体心理健康及其不同维度指标的关系，并进一步考察社会关系影响老 人心理健康的城乡差异。 本研究从北京通州市区和农村招募968名60岁以上老年人，排除身体不适、 听力不好、有精神障碍和认知障碍等无法参加调查者。其中，男性 370 人，女性 598 人；城市老年人 640 人，农村老年人 328 人；平均年龄 66.74 岁（SD=5.67）。 采用改编调查问卷收集一般人口学资料及社会关系情况，采用老年心理健康量表 及生活满意度量表评估心理健康情况。处理原始数据时，先将每位被试社会支持 得分和社会参与得分除以相应题目数量，得到每位被试老人的社会支持平均分和 社会参与平均分，两项平均分相加求得每位被试社会关系平均分，再统计分析社 会关系平均分与心理健康总分、心理健康各维度得分及生活满意度得分情况，得 出各变量指标的相关性。 研究一考察了社会关系与北京城乡整体老年人心理健康关系，发现社会关系 水平与老年人心理健康和生活满意度水平正相关，即社会关系水平能正向预测城 乡整体老年人心理健康及其各维度水平（β=0.09-0.33, ps<0.01）以及生活满意度 水平 （β=0.14, p<0.01）。 研究二考察了社会关系影响老年人心理健康的城乡差异。首先，城乡差异较 突出体现于老年人心理健康的认知效能与生活满意度水平两个维度。城市组老年 人认知效能与生活满意度水平均显著高于农村组；而心理健康总分及人际交往、 适应能力、自我认识和情绪体验四个维度得分无显著差异。其次，社会关系水平 与城市老年人心理健康和生活满意度水平正相关，具体表现为社会关系平均分能 正向预测城市老年人整体心理健康水平及人际交往、适应能力、自我认识、情绪 体验四个维度得分情况（β=0.08-0.35, ps<0.05）以及生活满意度水平（β=0.15, p<0.01），但认知效能维度预测作用不显著。此外，社会关系水平与农村老年人 心理健康和生活满意度水平也正相关，具体表现为社会关系平均分能正向预测农村老年人整体心理健康水平及人际交往、认知效能、自我认识、情绪体验四个维 度得分情况（β=0.13-0.29, ps<0.05）以及生活满意度水平（β=0.12, p<0.05），但 适应能力维度预测作用不显著。最后，城乡差异显著调节了社会关系和心理健康 的关系，具体表现在人际交往和认知效能交互作用显著（p≤0.05）；人际交往方 面，城市老年人获益更大，认知效能方面，农村老年人获益更大。整体心理健康 水平及适应能力、自我认识、情绪体验以及生活满意度等维度得分无城乡差异与 社会关系交互作用。 综上，社会关系水平能正向预测北京城乡老年人整体心理健康水平，提升老 年人社会关系水平，例如增加老年人身边的社会支持，提升其社会参与机会，能 有效提高其心理健康及生活满意度水平，为开展老年人心理健康服务提供了理论 依据和指导建议。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/47941]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王坤. 北京老年人社会关系与心理健康及其城乡差异研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2023. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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