预期和结果的一致性及其概率对再认记忆的影响：主动控制感的作用
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 陈琴 |
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 禤宇明 |
| 关键词 | 主动控制感 熟悉性 回忆 P2 LPC |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 基础心理学 |
| 其他题名 | The Impact of the Congruency and Its Probabilities between the Expectation and the Outcome on the Recognition Memory: The Role of the Sense of Agency |
| 中文摘要 | The sense of agency is a subjective feeling generated during active actions or decision-making processes, which controls one's own actions to manipulate external objects and the environment. Currently, more research focuses on the influencing factors and mechanisms of the sense of agency, but little is known about how it affects subsequent cognitive processing, especially contextual memory. Whether the sense of agency affects memory encoding and retrieval processes awaits further experimental verification. On the other hand, studies have shown that the degree of match between expectations and outcomes significantly affects recognition memory performance. However, intriguingly, there is relatively little research in current literature focusing on the role of the sense of agency in this association. The degree of match between outcomes and expectations seems to not only affect recognition memory itself but may also play an important role in modulating the sense of agency. Therefore, further research and exploration are required to investigate how the degree of match between outcomes and expectations influences the sense of agency and the specific mechanisms by which it impacts recognition memory. Based on this, the present research employed a direction-choosing task to indirectly manipulate individuals' levels of the sense of agency by manipulating the congruency between the outcome and the expectation, aiming to explore the effects of the sense of agency on the dual systems of recognition memory under incidental and intentional encoding environment, as well as their temporal processing. Results of Experiment 1 showed that when the outcome aligned with the expectation, the sense of agency rating was significantly higher than under the incongruent condition. Moreover, under the incidental memory encoding situation, the familiarity-based recognition accuracy was significantly higher when the outcome and the expectation were congruent compared to the incongruent condition. On the contrary, behavioral results of Experiment 2 indicated that when the outcome aligned with the expectation, the sense of agency rating was significantly higher than the under incongruent condition, and there was a trend of higher recollection-based recognition accuracy under the intentional memory encoding situation. ERP results revealed that when the outcome aligned with the expectation, a larger P2 component was elicited during the sense of agency generation phase (for correctly remembered trials), followed by larger LPC component during the memory encoding and retrieval phases. Additionally, for correctly known trials, a larger FN400 component was elicited during the memory encoding phase under the congruent condition compared to the incongruent condition between the outcome and the expectation. Experiments 3 and 4 attempted to further investigate the influence of the sense of agency on recognition memory and its temporal processing under incidental and intentional memory encoding environments by directly manipulating the congruency and its probability between the outcome and the expectation. Results of Experiment 3 were consistent with Experiment 1, showing that under the incidental memory encoding situation, the familiarity-based recognition accuracy was significantly higher in the high-congruency probability group compared to the low-congruency probability group. Experiment 4 further combined EEG findings to reveal that under intentional memory encoding environment, the recollection-based recognition accuracy was significantly higher under the congruent condition between the expectation and the outcome compared to the incongruent condition. Moreover, when the congruent probability between the expectation and the outcome was low, during the memory encoding and retrieval phases, there were larger LPC components when the outcome aligned with the expectation compared to the incongruent condition. On the other hand, for correctly knowing trials, consistent with Experiment 2, when the congruent probability between the outcome and the expectation was low, there was a larger P2 component induced during the sense of agency generation phase, accompanied by a larger P2 component during the memory encoding phase under the congruent condition between the outcome and the expectation compared to the incongruent condition. The results demonstrate that the congruency and its probability differences between expectations and outcomes can affect the allocation of attention and cognitive resources during memory encoding and retrieval processes, with the sense of agency also playing a certain role in them. In addition, the structural equation models of Experiments 1-4 further supported the behavioral results, emphasizing the important mediating role of the sense of agency through the impact of congruency and its probability between expectations and outcomes on recognition memory processing. In summary, this study explored the influence of the sense of agency on recognition memory and its neural mechanisms. This research drew following conclusions, firstly, when the actual outcome matches the individual's expectation, a stronger sense of agency is generated, resulting in better memory performance. Moreover, this study also found a tendency to influence familiarity-based recognition memory performance under the incidental memory encoding environment, while under the intentional memory encoding environment, there was a tendency to influence recollection-based memory performance. Finally, this study provides theoretical and empirical evidence for future research on the role of the sense of agency in memoryrelated studies. |
| 英文摘要 | 主动控制感是主动动作或者选择过程中产生的控制自身动作进而控制外界 事物和环境的一种主观感觉。当前，更多的研究聚焦于研究主动控制感的影响 因素及其机制，但我们对主动控制感如何影响后续的认知加工尤其是情境记忆 知之甚少。对于主动控制感是否会影响记忆编码和提取过程，还需要进行更多 的实验验证。另一方面，有研究指出，预期和结果的匹配程度显著影响再认记 忆的表现。然而，有趣的是，目前的文献中较少有研究专注于主动控制感在这 一关联中的作用。匹配程度似乎不仅影响再认记忆本身，还可能在调节主动控 制感方面发挥重要作用。因此，对于匹配程度如何影响主动控制感，以及在预 期和结果的一致性对再认记忆影响的过程中主动控制感的具体作用机制，需要 更深入的研究和探讨。鉴于此，本研究采用方向选择任务来间接操纵个体的主 动控制感水平。通过四个实验，我们探究在无意记忆编码情景和有意记忆编码 情景下，主动控制感对再认记忆双系统的影响以及其时间加工进程。 实验 1 的结果显示，在预期和结果一致的情况下，主动控制感评分显著高 于不一致条件。此外，在无意记忆编码下，预期和结果一致的情况下的熟悉性 再认正确率也显著高于不一致条件。实验 2 的行为结果表明，当预期和结果一 致时，主动控制感评分显著高于不一致条件。在有意记忆编码下，回忆再认正 确率呈现出高于不一致的趋势。事件相关电位 (Event-related potential, ERP) 结果 显示，在预期和结果一致的情况下，会在主动控制感产生阶段诱发一个更大的 P2 (Positive 2)成分 (在正确记得的试次中) ，随后在记忆编码阶段诱发了更大的 晚期正成分 (Late positive component, LPC)。对于正确知道再认的试次，预期和 结果一致条件相比于不一致条件会在记忆编码阶段诱发更大的额叶负成分 (Frontal negative 400, FN400)，但两条件间并没有在主动控制感产生阶段发现任 何 ERP 成分上的差异。此外，在预期和结果一致条件下，正确将词语判断为记 得的试次会在记忆提取阶段诱发更大的 LPC 和 FN400 成分。 实验 3 和实验 4 通过直接操纵预期和结果的一致性及其概率来间接操纵主 动控制感，试图再次探究在无意及有意记忆编码下，主动控制感对再认记忆的 影响及其时间加工进程。实验 3 的结果与实验 1 一致，发现当预期和结果一致 时，在无意记忆编码下，高一致的概率组的熟悉性再认正确率显著高于预期和 结果不一致条件。实验 4 进一步结合了脑电揭示，在有意记忆编码下，回忆再 认正确率在预期和结果一致条件下显著高于预期和结果不一致条件。此外，当 预期和结果的一致性概率较低时，在记忆编码阶段，预期和结果一致条件相比 于不一致条件会诱发更大的 LPC 成分。另一方面，对于正确知道再认的试次，在预期和结果的一致性概率较低时，与实验 2 一致的是，预期和结果一致条件 相比于不一致条件，会在主动控制感阶段诱发更大的 P2 成分，并伴随着记忆编 码阶段更大的 P2 成分。在实验 4 的记忆提取阶段，当预期和结果的一致性概率 较低时，同样发现了在预期和结果一致条件下相比于不一致条件诱发了更大的 LPC 成分。实验 4 的结果表明了预期和结果的一致性以及概率差异会影响记忆 编码和提取过程中的注意和认知资源分配，且主动控制感在其中也发挥了一定 的作用。实验 1 至实验 4 的结构方程模型也进一步支持了行为结果，强调了主 动控制感在预期和结果的一致性及其概率影响再认记忆加工过程中的中介作用。 综上所述，本研究深入探究了主动控制感对再认记忆的影响及其神经机制， 并得出以下结论，首先，当实际选择结果符合个体预期时，会产生更强的主动 控制感，进而有更佳的记忆表现。且熟悉性记忆在无意记忆编码下更容易被影 响，而回忆记忆则在有意记忆编码下更容易被影响。。因此，本研究为未来研究 提供了关于主动控制感对记忆相关研究的重要理论和实证证据。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/47945]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈琴. 预期和结果的一致性及其概率对再认记忆的影响：主动控制感的作用[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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