眼睛注视线索介导的恐惧学习
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 葛乙平 |
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 王莉 |
| 关键词 | 眼睛注视线索 恐惧学习 意图 时间知觉 皮电 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | Gaze-mediated Fear Learning |
| 中文摘要 | The adaptive capacity to learn about threats indirectly through social channels is vital for human survival and reproduction. Eye gaze, as one of the typical social cues, plays an important role in this process. Although gaze cues have received much attention for their ability to reflexively direct attention and convey others' intentions, no study has directly examined whether gaze can convey fear. To address this question, the present paper specifically investigated in three studies whether fear can be transmitted through gaze cues and, if so, whether gaze-mediated fear learning can further influence individuals' temporal perception. In Study 1, we used a variation of the central cueing paradigm as the associated learning phase and the pre-and post-test of an affective priming task to measure changes in individuals' affective attitudes towards emotional gaze-associated cartoon faces. It was found that eye gaze could transfer fearful properties to previously neutral cartoon faces. This result was not caused by low-level visual features and was moderated by intention conveyance. This fear transfer effect disappeared when the intention triggered by gaze cues was blocked by the baffles. More importantly, this gaze-mediated fear transfer effect persisted when the gaze cue was rendered invisible by the continuous flash suppression paradigm. These results suggest that gaze-mediated fear learning exists both supraliminally and subliminally in terms of cognitive indicators. In Study 2, we measured electrodermal responses to detect physiological indicators of gaze-mediated fear learning. After associative learning utilizing a variant of the central cueing paradigm, we found that individuals showed greater skin conductance responses when viewing pictures of cartoon faces associated with fearful gazes, compared to their neutral counterparts. These results collectively provide direct evidence for gaze-mediated fear transmission from the perspective of physiological indicators. Based on Studies 1 and 2, Study 3 aimed to investigate whether this gaze-mediated fear learning could influence individuals' time perception. With psychophysical methods, we found that cartoon faces associated with fearful gazes could induce a temporal dilation. This perceptual bias was correlated with individuals' autistic traits, with the time overestimation effect found only in individuals with lower social dimension autistic traits. Furthermore, this time overestimation effect was also moderated by intention processing. It disappeared when the intention conveyed by eye gaze was obstructed by the baffles. Taken together, these results suggest that gazemediated fear learning can further influence temporal perception and is modulated by the perception of intention conveyance. In summary, the results of this series of studies shed new light on the understanding of social fear acquisition by supporting the existence of fear learning through eye gaze and demonstrating that this gaze-mediated fear learning can further influence individuals' perceptual processing. |
| 英文摘要 | 通过社会渠道间接习得威胁信息，这一适应性能力关乎人类的生存和繁衍。 在这一过程中，以眼睛注视线索为代表的社会性信号发挥了重要的作用。尽管眼睛注视线索因其可以自动化地诱发注意定向并传递他人意图而受到广泛关注，目前尚未有研究直接探讨眼睛注视线索是否可以传递恐惧，即是否存在由眼睛注视 线索介导的恐惧学习。针对这一问题，本文通过三项研究具体讨论了是否存在，以及如果存在，这种由眼睛注视线索介导的恐惧学习对个体时间知觉的影响。 研究一采用中央线索范式的变式作为学习部分，并前后施测情感启动任务衡 量个体对原本中性的卡通面孔图片情感态度的变化，作为眼睛注视介导恐惧学习 的认知指标。结果发现，眼睛注视线索可以将恐惧属性传递至原本中性的卡通面 孔上，并影响观察者对其的情感态度。这一结果并不是由低水平视觉刺激导致的， 并受到意图加工的调节。当眼睛注视线索被挡板阻挡，这种恐惧传递效应便消失 了。更重要的是，通过连续闪烁抑制范式将眼睛注视线索掩蔽至意识之下时，这 种由眼睛注视线索介导的恐惧学习仍然存在。这些结果从认知指标的角度表明存 在眼睛注视介导的恐惧学习，且这一学习在无意识条件下也可以发生。 研究二我们测量了皮电反应以探测眼睛注视线索介导恐惧学习的生理指标。 我们发现，利用中央线索范式的变式进行联结学习后，个体观看与恐惧注视联结 的卡通面孔图片，相较于观看与中性注视联结的卡通面孔图片时，表现出更强的 皮肤电反应。这些结果从生理指标的角度为眼睛注视线索介导恐惧学习提供了直接证据。 在研究一和二的基础上，研究三试图探讨这种由眼睛注视线索介导的恐惧学 习是否可以影响个体的时间知觉。借助心理物理法，我们发现与其他恐惧学习方 式类似，眼睛注视线索介导的恐惧学习同样可以诱发主观时间的延长。并且这一知觉偏差与个体社交维度的自闭特质得分相关，时间高估效应仅出现在拥有较低 社交维度自闭特质的个体当中。此外，这种时间延长效应同样受到意图加工的影响。当眼睛注视线索被挡板阻挡时，时间高估效应便消失了。这些结果共同说明 眼睛注视线索介导的恐惧学习可以影响个体的时间知觉，并受到意图加工感知的调节。 综上所述，系列研究的结果支持了由眼睛注视线索介导的恐惧学习的存在， 并进一步说明这种恐惧习得可以影响个体后续的知觉加工。这些发现为后续研究 社会性恐惧习得和消退提供了新的思路。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/47948]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 葛乙平. 眼睛注视线索介导的恐惧学习[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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