短时程单眼剥夺的注意机制和双眼竞争机制的探索
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王珏 |
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 鲍敏 |
| 关键词 | 眼优势可塑性 短时程单眼剥夺 稳态可塑性 注意 眼拮抗神经元 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | Exploring the attentional mechanism and binocular rivalry mechanism for short-term monocular deprivation |
| 中文摘要 | Visual plasticity refers to the obvious changes in the structure and function of the visual system under the influences of environment, visual experience and disease. As an important manifestation of visual plasticity, ocular dominance plasticity has received widespread attention. Previous studies have indicated that ocular dominance plasticity reaches its peak during the critical period of development and gradually decreases with age. However, recent researches have shown that even in the adults, the visual system maintains a certain degree of ocular dominance plasticity. Short-term monocular deprivation or modulation of interocular attentional allocations can bias ocular dominance significantly. The widely accepted explanation for the former is the homeostatic plasticity mechanism of the visual cortex. However, concerning the latter, some researchers have recently noted that the shift of ocular dominance caused by eyespecific attention cannot be solely explained by the homeostatic plasticity mechanism and may also involve the adaptation of ocular opponency neurons. Therefore, there are still two unresolved questions. Firstly, it remains largely unknown whether the ocular opponency neurons are also responsible for monocular deprivation. Secondly, does the eye-specific attention modulate the short-term deprivation effect? To answer these two questions, two studies were conducted in this thesis. In Study 1, we focused on the role of the ocular opponency neurons in generating the shift of ocular dominance caused by monocular deprivation. We used the paradigm of monocular deprivation of phase regularity to realize short-term monocular deprivation, and designed three different forms of deprivation. Based on our understanding of the homeostatic plasticity mechanism and the adaptation mechanism of ocular opponency neurons, the two mechanisms correspond to different expected outcomes of the three forms of deprivation. By comparing the experimental results with the expectations, we were able to examine whether the adaptation of ocular opponency neurons played a role in explaining the deprivation effect. The results showed that this mechanism made a negligible contribution to the deprivation effect. We are thus inclined to believe that the homeostatic plasticity mechanism plays a major role in the short-term monocular deprivation effect. In Study 2, we investigated the role of attention in the short-term deprivation effect. We used monocular patching to realize short-term monocular deprivation. During the monocular patching, participants completed a grating-tracking task that required sustained attention. In each session of monocular deprivation, participants were presented with both the attended and unattended stimuli. We also measured their deprivation effects with both the attended and unattended stimuli before and after monocular deprivation. The results revealed a significant modulation of attention on the strength of the deprivation effect. In conclusion, our results supported the important role of the homeostatic plasticity mechanism in the short-term monocular deprivation effect. In addition, our findings for the first time revealed that eye-based attention could modulate the short-term monocular deprivation effect in adults. These findings further improve our understanding of short-term ocular dominance plasticity in adults. |
| 英文摘要 | 视觉可塑性，是指视觉系统的结构与功能会受到环境、视觉经验和疾病等 因素的影响，从而发生明显的变化。眼优势可塑性，作为视觉可塑性的一个重 要体现，一直受到广泛关注。以往研究表明，在个体发展的关键期，眼优势可 塑性会达到峰值，随着年龄的增长逐渐降低。然而近些年来大量研究证明，成 年人的视觉系统中仍保留着一定程度的眼优势可塑性。通过短时程单眼剥夺或 者调节眼间注意资源的分配，可以使得眼优势发生明显的偏移。关于前者，目 前受到广泛认可的一种解释是视皮层的稳态可塑性机制。然而关于后者，最近 有学者指出，由基于眼的注意导致的眼优势转移现象，无法仅由稳态可塑性机 制解释，这效应背后可能还涉及到眼拮抗神经元的适应机制。因此，关于短时 程眼优势可塑性的研究还存在两个问题尚未得到解决：其一，目前还不清楚， 眼拮抗神经元是否在解释短时程单眼剥夺效应中也发挥着作用；其二，基于眼 的注意是否也参与调控短时程单眼剥夺效应？为了回答这两个问题，本论文开 展了两项研究。 在研究一中，我们关注眼拮抗神经元模型在解释短时程单眼剥夺引起的眼 优势转移现象中的作用。我们采用短时程单眼相位规则信息剥夺范式实现短时 程单眼剥夺，并且设计了三种不同的剥夺形式。根据我们对稳态可塑性机制与 眼拮抗神经元适应机制的认识，不同机制作用下三种剥夺形式将给出不同的预 期结果。通过将实验结果与预期进行比对，可以检验眼拮抗神经元的适应机制 是否对解释短时程单眼剥夺效应起到一定作用。结果发现，眼拮抗神经元的适 应机制在短时程单眼剥夺效应中的作用相对有限。我们倾向于认为，稳态可塑 性机制对解释短时程单眼剥夺效应发挥了主要的作用。 在研究二中，我们探究了注意这一高级认知功能在短时程单眼剥夺效应中 的作用。我们采用单眼遮盖范式实现短时程单眼剥夺。在短时程单眼遮盖的同 时，我们让被试完成一项对注意保持有一定要求的光栅追踪任务。在同一次的 单眼剥夺实验中，我们既设定注意刺激也设定非注意刺激，然后在单眼剥夺前 后分别用注意刺激和非注意刺激去测量短时程单眼剥夺效应，以衡量注意对于 短时程单眼剥夺效应的影响。结果发现，注意对短时程单眼剥夺效应的强弱起 到了显著的调节作用。 综上所述，本论文支持稳态可塑性机制在解释短时程单眼剥夺效应中的重 要作用。此外，本论文还首次揭示了注意可以调节成年人短时程单眼剥夺效 应。这些发现有助于我们更深入地理解成年人短时程眼优势可塑性。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/47958]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王珏. 短时程单眼剥夺的注意机制和双眼竞争机制的探索[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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