生物运动情绪信息的加工及其机制
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 袁甜
|
| 答辩日期 | 2024-06 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 蒋毅 ; 王莉 |
| 关键词 | 生物运动 情绪加工 面部表情 社会性注意 |
| 学位名称 | 理学博士 |
| 学位专业 | 认知神经科学 |
| 其他题名 | The Cognitive and Neural Processing Mechanisms of Emotions in Biological Motion |
| 中文摘要 | Perceiving and interpreting emotions from various social signals is critical for human social functioning. Facial expressions present the most common non-verbal social communicative signals regarding others’ affective states. In addition to faces, the movement of biological organisms serves as another essential type of social signals carrying significant emotional clues. However, only a limited number of studies have paid attention to the processing mechanism of emotional biological motion (BM). To fill this gap, this study systematically investigated the processing mechanisms of emotional information conveyed by BM at behavioral, physiological, and neural levels. Furthermore, we explored the functional role of BM emotion in guiding more advanced social attention skills. In Study 1, we first examined whether emotions contained in BM could modulate temporal perception. We employed a duration discrimination paradigm, which requires no explicit emotion recognitions and could reflect the intrinsic sensitivity of human visual system. Our results showed that happy BM led to significant time lengthening, whereas sad BM led to significant time compression, with a significant difference found between the happy and sad condition. However, such effect diminished when the BM were inverted, and the interaction between upright and inverted condition was also significant, ruling out the potential confound of low-level differences. In conclusion, these findings indicated that emotions conveyed by biological motion could be modulate time perception. In Study 2, we employed the sensitive pupil size measurement to further investigate the processing mechanism of BM emotions from the physiological level. Results revealed that happy BM evoked larger pupil size than neutral and sad BM, while sad BM induced a smaller pupil response than neutral BM. Moreover, this happy over sad pupil dilation effect is negatively correlated with individual autistic traits. When the BM was inverted, such emotional modulation disappeared, indicating that this effect is not caused by low-level perceptual differences. Additionally, when the critical life motion feature of BM (i.e., acceleration) was removed, no emotional modulation of pupil size was observed. Notably, emotional BM with only local motion features retained could also exert modulations on pupils. Compared with intact BM, both happy and sad local BM evoked stronger pupil responses than neutral local BM starting from an earlier timepoint, with no difference between the happy and sad conditions. These results revealed a fine-grained pupil-related emotional modulation induced by intact BM and a coarse but rapid modulation by local BM, demonstrating multi-level processing of emotions in life motion signals. In Study 3, we investigated the specific neural processing mechanism of emotions in BM using the visual adaptation technique. Our behavioral results showed that prolonged exposure to the happy BM biased the emotion perception of the subsequently presented morphed BM towards sad, and vice versus. Such an emotion adaptation aftereffect could not be explained by the adaptation to parts-based retinotopic features (e.g., velocity, gesture, shape) that constitute the BM adaptor, as it disappeared when the BM adaptors were shown inverted. In addition, we observed a similar adaptation aftereffect in faces, and such an effect also disappeared when the face adaptors were inverted. Notably, we’ve further observed that preexposure to emotional faces could exert an adaptation aftereffect on the emotion perception of BM. Furthermore, this cross-category effect could not only happen from face to BM but also from BM to face, providing evidence for the existence of a shared neural representation subserving face and BM emotion perception. Using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique together with the adaptation paradigm, we moved forward to directly localize this specific neural module. Specifically, we found that the BM emotions produced significant neural adaptations in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and this neural effect was significantly correlated with the behavioral adaptation aftereffect. Importantly, we’ve further observed that the adaptation to facial expressions also induced significant aftereffects on the neural response induced by BM in the right pSTS. This indicates that BM emotion processing specifically involved the right pSTS, and the right pSTS could further represent emotions from BM and faces across categories. In Study 4, we further examined the function of BM emotions in social attention. Specifically, we introduced emotional BM to the classic social attention paradigm. Our results showed that BM emotions could modulate the reflexive attentional orienting effect induced by BM walking direction: happy BM elicited a stronger attentional effect than neutral and sad BM, and this "happy advantage" could extend to the attentional effects induced by face. This suggests that emotions modulated attentional effects induced by different types of social signals in a similar manner. We further employed the event-related potentials (ERP) to investigate the temporal dynamics subserving such emotion modulation. Specifically, BM emotions could not modulate the cue-locked early directing attention negativity (EDAN), whereas the happy BM could specifically induce the later anterior directing attention negativity (ADAN). Besides, the emotional information would further modulate target processing. Specifically, targets appearing at the incongruent location indicated by the happy and neutral cue would induce stronger P3 than targets appearing at the congruent location, while such effect is not observed with the sad cue. These findings together provided neural evidence for the modulation of emotions on the BM-triggered attentional effects, and further revealed the temporal dynamics underlying such modulation. Taken together, this study elucidated the processing mechanisms of emotional information in BM at behavioral, physiological, and neural levels. Notably, a shared neural representation was found for emotions contained in BM and face, and these two types of social cues could modulate social attention in a similar manner. This suggested that BM emotion processing recruited a highly similar mechanism to that of facial expression processing, and further implied the existence of an “emotion processing network” in the human brain that is shared by different types of social cues. |
| 英文摘要 | 识别和理解他人情绪的能力在社会交往、危险探测中扮演着重要角色。面部表情是日常生活中最为常见的情绪线索，除此之外，附着在关节处的光点运动（生 物运动）也传递着重要的情绪信息。目前，仅有少量研究关注了情绪性生物运动的加工机制。为了弥补这一空缺，本研究系统性地从行为、生理、神经水平探究了生物运动情绪信息的加工机制。进一步，我们探究了这一情绪信息的功能，考察其能否与生物运动的另一属性（行走方向）发生交互，指导更为高级的社会性注意技能。 研究一探究了生物运动情绪信息对时间知觉的调节。我们采用了时距判断任 务，这一范式的优势在于，它不依赖外显的情绪报告，能够反映视觉系统对生物 运动情绪加工的内在敏感性。实验结果表明，快乐生物运动导致时距延长，悲伤生物运动导致时距压缩，且快乐和悲伤的差异显著。然而，当刺激倒置时，这一 效应会消失，且正倒立的交互显著，这排除了低水平差异的解释。综上，本研究表明，生物运动的情绪信息能够调节时间知觉。 研究二则采用客观而敏感的瞳孔大小指标，从生理水平探究了生物运动情绪信息的加工机制。研究结果发现，相较中性生物运动，快乐的生物运动能够诱发更强的瞳孔反应，而悲伤的生物运动则诱发了更小的瞳孔反应，且这一快乐较悲伤的瞳孔扩张效应与被试的自闭特质呈显著负相关。然而，当生物运动倒置时，情绪信息则不能对瞳孔产生调节。此外，当生物运动的重要生命特征被去除时，不同情绪的非生物运动诱发的瞳孔大小也不存在差异。重要的是，当仅保留生物 运动的局部运动信息时，无论是快乐还是悲伤的局部生物运动都能够在较早的时间窗诱发更强的瞳孔反应，且二者不存在差异。总的来说，本研究揭示了生物运动情绪加工的多水平机制：完整的情绪性生物运动能够对瞳孔大小产生精细的、 区别情绪种类的调节，而仅包含局部运动特征的情绪性生物运动则以较快但较为粗糙的、不区分情绪类型的方式对瞳孔大小产生影响。 研究三从神经水平考察了生物运动情绪加工机制，及其是否与面孔的情绪加工所共享。我们采用视觉适应范式，发现生物运动能够诱发显著的情绪适应后效， 且这一效应并非由对低水平特征的适应导致，这说明大脑中存在着特异性编码生 物运动情绪信息的神经模块。类似地，面部表情也能够诱发相似的情绪适应后效， 且当面孔倒置时，这一效应也消失了。更重要的是，生物运动与面孔能够发生显 著的双方向的跨类别情绪适应。这说明，编码生物运动情绪的神经模块会受到面部表情输入的影响，反之亦然，为生物运动与面孔共享着特异性的情绪神经表征提供了证据。进一步，我们采用神经影像技术直接对这一神经模块进行定位，结 果发现，生物运动的情绪能够在右侧颞上沟上发生同类别的情绪适应，且这一神 经适应后效与行为上的适应效应呈显著相关。更重要的是，适应面孔也能够在右 侧颞上沟上产生显著的适应后效。这说明，右侧颞上沟可以跨类别地表征生物运动和面孔的情绪。 研究四进一步研究了生物运动情绪信息在社会性注意中的功能。我们将情绪性生物运动首次引入经典的社会性注意范式中。我们的结果发现，情绪信息能够调节生物运动诱发的注意效应：快乐生物运动能够诱发较中性和悲伤生物运动更 强的注意效应，且这一“快乐优势”在面孔诱发的注意效应中也存在。这说明，情绪信息能够以相似的方式调节不同类型的社会信号诱发的社会性注意。我们进一步采用脑电技术探究了这一情绪调节背后的神经机制。具体而言，与线索锁定的早期注意定向负波（early directing attention negativity, EDAN）不会受到情绪信息的调节，而较晚期的与线索锁定的前侧注意定向负波（anterior directing attention negativity, ADAN）则会特异性地被快乐的生物运动所诱发。此外，情绪信息还能影响目标加工，具体而言，快乐和中性的生物运动线索能够对出现在线索指向不一致而非一致位置的目标表现出更强的目标锁定 P3 成分，而悲伤的生物运动则不能。上述结果进一步为情绪对社会性注意的调节提供了神经学证据，并揭示出这一调节的发生时程。 综上所述，本研究揭示了生物运动情绪信息的行为、生理、神经水平的加工机制。并且，我们发现生物运动与面孔的情绪加工具有共享的神经基础，且二者的情绪能对社会性注意产生相似的调节，这进一步为人脑中存在着被不同社会线索所共享的情绪加工网络提供了证据。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/48007]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_认知与发展心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 袁甜. 生物运动情绪信息的加工及其机制[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2024. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：心理研究所
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